1. Post-war Migration to Australia
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Next Slide: The great distance from Europe …

3. Early Immigration
The great distance from Europe made Australia a more expensive and less attractive destination than Canada and the United States.
The number of immigrants needed during different stages of the economic cycle could be controlled by varying the subsidy. Before federation in 1901, assisted migrants received passage assistance from colonial government funds. The British government paid for the passage of convicts, paupers, the military and civil servants. Few immigrants received colonial government assistance before 1831.
Next Slide: With the onset of the great depression, the Governor-General …

4. Early Immigration
With the onset of the great depression, the Governor-General proclaimed the cessation of immigration until further notice, and the next group to arrive were 5000 Jewish refuge families from Germany in 1938.
Approved groups such as these were assured of entry by being issued with a Certificate of Exemption from the Dictation Test.
Next Slide: After World War II, Australia launched a massive immigration programme…

5. Post-war Migration to Australia
After World War II, Australia launched a massive immigration programme, believing that having narrowly avoided a
Japanese invasion,
Australia must
"populate or perish”.
Approved groups such as these were assured of entry by being issued with a Certificate of Exemption from the Dictation Test.
Next Slide: Hundreds of thousands of displaced Europeans migrated …

6. Post-war Migration to Australia
Hundreds of thousands of displaced Europeans migrated to Australia and over 1,000,000 British Subjects immigrated under the Assisted Migration Scheme, known as Ten Pound Poms.
Next Slide: Ten Pound Poms also called Ten Pound Tourists …

7. Post-war Migration to Australia
Ten Pound Poms also called Ten Pound Tourists is a colloquial term used to describe British subjects who migrated to Australia after the Second World War under an assisted passage scheme established and operated by the Australian Government.
The scheme attracted over one million British migrants between 1945 and 1972 and represented the last substantial scheme for preferential migration from the United Kingdom o Australia.
One of the most famous Ten Pound Poms was Immigration Minister Al Grassby who migrated from England, even though he was actually born in Australia to an Irish mother and Spanish father. The England fast bowlers Harold Larwood (in 1950) and Frank Tyson (in 1960) also took advantage of the scheme when they retired from cricket.
While the term "Ten Pound Pom" is in common use, the scheme was not limited to migrants from the United Kingdom (the usual meaning of "pom”). In fact, most British subjects were eligible and, at the time, that included not only those from Great Britain but also residents of British colonies such as Malta and Cyprus. Citizens of the Republic of Ireland born before 1949 were eligible as they too were considered British subjects.
Next Slide: You Tube Video- Interview with a Ten pound Pom

8. You Tube Video- Interview with a Ten pound Pom
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Next Slide: The scheme was initially open to citizens of all Commonwealth countries…

9. Post-war Migration to Australia
The scheme was initially open to citizens of all Commonwealth countries and after the war, was gradually extended to other countries such as the Netherlands and Italy.
Next Slide: The qualifications were straightforward

10. Post-war Migration to Australia
The qualifications were straightforward: You needed to be in sound health and under the age of 45 years.
There were initially no skill restrictions, although under the White Australia Policy, people from mixed race backgrounds found it very difficult to take advantage of the scheme.
Next Slide: Around 1970 there was
a fundamental change in immigration

11. Post-war Migration to Australia
Around 1970 there was a fundamental change in immigration policy, since for the first time since 1788 there were more migrants wanting to come (even without a subsidy) than the government wanted to accept.
All subsidies were abolished, and immigration became progressively more difficult.
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12. You Tube Video- Vietnamese Immigration
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Next Slide: During the 2001 election campaign, asylum-seekers …

13. Post-war Migration to Australia
During the 2001 election campaign, asylum-seekers and border protection became a hot issue, as a result of incidents such as the 11 September 2001 attacks, the Tampa affair, Children overboard affair, and the sinking of the SIEV-X.
The sinking of the SIEV-X incident marked the beginning of the controversial Pacific Solution.
Next Slide: The Howard government's success in the election …

14. Post-war Migration to Australia
The Howard government's success in the election was largely due to the strong public support for its restrictive policy on asylum-seekers.
However, the overall level of immigration increased substantially over the life of the Howard Government.
Next Slide: The Rudd Labour Government …

15. Post-war Migration to Australia
The Rudd Labour Government (elected 2007) increased the quota again once in office.
In 2010, both major parties continue to support high immigration, with Prime Minister Kevin Rudd advocating a 'Big Australia'; and Opposition Leader Tony Abbott stating in a 2010 Australia Day speech that: "My instinct is to extend to as many people as possible the freedom and benefits of life in Australia“.
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16. You Tube Video- Immigration Cronulla Riots
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Next Slide: Bibliography

17. Bibliography
Addison, T. and Worswick, C. (2002). The impact of immigration on the earnings of natives: Evidence from Australian micro data. [, Vol. 78, pp
Claus, E (2005) Submission to the Productivity Commission on Population and Migration (submission 12 to the Productivity Commission's position paper on Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth).
Foran, B., and F. Poldy, (2002), Future Dilemmas: Options to 2050 for Australia's population, Technology, Resources and Environment, CSIRO Resource Futures, Canberra.
Gittens, R. (2003, 20 August). Honest John's migrant twostep. The Age. Retrieved 2 October from http
Goldie, J. (23 February 2006) "Time to stop all this growth" (retrieved 30 October 2006)
Junankar, P., Pope, D. and Withers, G. (1998). Immigration and the Australian macroeconomy: Perspective and prospective. Australian Economic Review, Vol. 31, pp
McDonald, P., Kippen, R. (1999) Population Futures for Australia: the Policy Alternatives
Nilsson (2005) Negative Economic Impacts of Immigration and Population Growth (submission 9 to the Productivity Commission's position paper on Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth).
Price, Charles (1987). "Chapter 1: Immigration and Ethnic Origin". in Wray Vamplew (ed.). Australians: Historical Statistics. Broadway, New South Wales, Australia: Fairfax, Syme & Weldon Associates. pp. pages 2–22. ISBN
WIkipedia- immigration to Australia-