1. Sectionalism and Civil War
Review Part 8
Sectionalism and Civil War

2. Sectionalism
North – Most cities (more urban); most reform organizations; many factory workers; high population growth
Cool climate; rocky soil; fast rivers; fishing resources
Manufacturing; fishing; shipping; wage labor
South – plantations; family farms; large slave populations; low population growth
Warm climate
Farming; slave labor; slaves were huge portion of southern wealth
West – lightly populated, but growing; mixture of ethnic groups; few slaves
Plentiful land; mineral deposits; fur resources
small farms; mining; fur trapping

3. Tax on imported goods to raise government revenues
Tariffs
Tax on imported goods to raise government revenues

4. Compromises
Missouri Compromise 1820 – Missouri admitted as slave state and Maine admitted as free state; all future states from Louisiana Territory north of 36°30’ would be free
Compromise of 1850 – (Henry Clay)
California admitted as a free state
Washington D.C. ended slave trade in nation’s capital
Fugitive Slave Act required all people to help catch and return slaves
Kansas – Nebraska Act – voters within the territories would determine whether slave or free; violated Missouri Compromise

5. Causes of the Civil War
Dred Scott v. Sandford 1857: Supreme Court ruled slaves were not citizens, file lawsuits and slaves were property
States’ Rights: southern states believed that states had the right to nullify illegal federal laws and states could secede
Slavery: southern states believed the North would abolish slavery as soon as it had the votes to do so
Sectionalism: regions of U.S. had grown so different that they seldom shared the same interests or goals
Election of 1860: Lincoln Elected

6. Civil War
Fort Sumter: first shots of the Civil War; confederate forces shelled fort for days; Union forces surrendered
Battle of Antietam: Bloodiest Single Day of Battle
Emancipation Proclamation: Lincoln issued this proclamation that freed slaves in rebelling states would be free
Battle of Vicksburg – turning point in the western theater; Union control of the Mississippi
Battle of Gettysburg – turning point in eastern theater; 3- day battle; Union Victory
Appomattox Courthouse – final battle and location of surrender by Robert E. Lee to Ulysses S. Grant

7. Abraham Lincoln 1st Inaugural Address: Gettysburg Address:
delivered in spirit of reconciliation after secession: assured southerner that slavery was lawful were it existed as was the required return of runaways; made the case that states could not secede and that Union must be preserved; it was south’s decision, not his, whether to begin a war
Gettysburg Address:
Honored Union soldiers who gave their lives so that “…government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”
2nd Inaugural Address:
Delivered in spirit of healing the nations wounds at a time when the end of the war was within sight; focused on reunification (not punishment of the South for the war)

8. Union Lincoln: Ulysses S. Grant: William Carney: Philip Bazaar:
President of the Union (North)
Ulysses S. Grant:
General of Union (North) Army
William Carney:
Medal of Honor recipient (soldier, runaway slave)
Philip Bazaar:
Medal of Honor recipient (Chilean-born sailor)

9. Confederacy Jefferson Davis: Robert E. Lee:
President of the Confederacy (South)
Robert E. Lee:
General of the Confederate (South) Army
Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson:
Gifted tactician; a commander in Confederate (South) Army