1. The Role of Regulations for IG
Ata Yari
ATRA Advisor
27 April, 2017 NC

2. Objectives What is governance/internet governance What is regulation?
Why is it needed?
What do ATRA regulate? (Voice, data or both)
How do you regulate?
Some examples of major cases.
Some achievements of the recent past and future plans

3. Difference b/n the Terms
The term ‘governance’ refers to an encompassing set of guiding rules and norms that guide any area of human activity.
Rules that may be formal or informal, and are applicable to virtually any societal activity, whether ‘market governance’, ‘political governance’ or ‘Internet governance.’
‘Governance’ extends beyond ‘government’, where the latter tends to refer to the formal internal processes of state institutions, and their relationships to one another. Keohane and Nye (2002:12)

4. Governance
‘By Governance, we mean the processes and institutions, both formal and informal, that guide and restrain the collective activities of a group.
Government is the subset that acts with authority and creates formal obligations.
Governance need not necessarily be conducted exclusively by governments

5. Rules Rules ……. Data Data Addressing Norms Norms Routings Protocols
Connections
Computing

6. Governance ..
‘Governance’ is defined as a syndrome of norms and rules controlling:
property rights,
market structures,
equity assumptions and
authoritative definitions
about which social actors are permitted to participate in governance processes and which are excluded.

7. The ‘Quad’ Government Private sector Research and development
Civil society
(ERNEST J. WILSON III Government and Politics, 2005)

8. Internet Governance
Internet governance comes from a social formation i.e. the ‘Quad’, which consists of patterned interactions among elites in four sectors of the economy, with individuals seeking to maximize their material and ideational interests by restructuring selected rules of the game that most affect their access to and control over the scarce services and goods provided by new information and communication technologies.
The rules, regulations, norms and expectations we call governance of the Internet emerged out of negotiated interactions.
(Ernest J. Wilson, 2005)

9. Why Regulation? Market Economies can not function without rules.
Necessary to mitigate broader market failures.
Regulatory intervention is vital in supporting competition and supporting the welfare of consumers.

10. MARKET بازار د کم پیدا سرچینو سمبالښت
Dev. Enab. Env. For ICT Growth and Investment
Coordination Scarce Resources
Set Standards
بازار
د کم پیدا سرچینو سمبالښت
د ودې او پانګونې لپاره وړ چاپېریال
د معیارونو وضع کول

11. Dev. Enab. Env. for ICT Growth and Investment
Regulatory Framework
Policy
Laws
Authority
Regulations
Procedures
Guidelines …
Dev. Enab. Env. for ICT Growth and Investment

12. Public Safety & National Security
مصونیت و امنیت عامه UA
دسترسی سراسری
Values
Consumer Protection
حمایت مستهلکین
Competition
رقابت

13. ATRA As an organization Scope of authority Functions
Consumers
Government
Private Sector
As an organization
Scope of authority
Functions
Organizational Structure
Licensing regime
Universal obligations-TDF
Coordination
Achievements
New trends
Coordination:
Regional and International

14. Where we are? Cumulated Investment 2.38 billion UD dollars
Fixed-line telephone subscribers ,253
Mobile telephone subscribers extended 27/21.33 million
3G subscribers millions
Base Stations
Internet Service Providers 63
WiMAX service providers 2
National Backbone Optical Fiber km
Network with Regional Connectivity

15. Where we are ?… VAS 48 TTSP companies 6 VAS companies 43
Solution Providers & 32
telecom equipment importers

16. Where we are? … TV operators 105 AM Radio Stations 2 FM Operators 295
FM Radio stations
Medium wave radios 8
Short wave stations
Armature radios
TV stations
Digital TV broadcaster 1

17. New policy Trend (3 Oct. 2016)
Gov. formulated this policy of Open Access and Competitive Provisioning for Afghanistan’s Fiber Optic and Broaadband Sectors to:
attract private investment ,
promote a robust communication marketplace,
market free of monopolies,
It will effectively provide affordability, ubiquity, and growth in other economic sectors.

18. Open Access and Competitive Provisioning for Afghanistan
The policy governs all government policy and actions relating to authorizing existing and future ICT providers to:
build,
locate,
own, and
operate
physical infrastructure, including:
international gateways and
internet exchange point (IXPs).

19. Future Convergence Emerging technologies IoT Cloud computing
Artificial intelligence ….
Super Human ….
Algorithms
Data

20. Any question?

21. Thanks