1. WWII

2. Increasing Tensions Country Leader Quick Facts
Dictator: individual who ruled a country through military strength
Country
Leader
Quick Facts
Japan
Emporer Hirohito
Attacked China seeking raw materials
Italy
Mussolini
Attacked Ethiopia and Albania
Germany
Adolf Hitler
Nazi leader; began rebuilding military forces, persecuting Jews, and silencing opponents
Soviet Union
Josef Stalin
Built up industry and military, forced peasants into collective farms, eliminated opponents

3. The War Begins
1938: Germany attacks France to “take back” land lost in WWI (Rhineland: Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland)
Great Britain and France declared war
Soviet Union invaded nearby countries and agreed to split Poland with Germany
By 1940, Germany controlled Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg and a large part of France and began bombing Great Britain

4. A Neutral United States
Most Americans did not want to get involved in the war, but Roosevelt wanted to help Britain
Hitler turned on Stalin in 1941 and invaded the Soviet Union
Lend-lease: policy to lend or lease (rent) weapons to Great Britain and the Soviet Union
American ships began escorting British ships in convoys

5. Lend-Lease Act
Lent supplies to: UK, France, Soviet Union, and China In exchange: US given military base rights in these countries. Act passed by Congress – Feb Signed by Roosevelt – March 1941
We are officially out of the war……we are not staying neutral
Billions of dollars worth of supplies
We Interrupt this broadcast……

6. “A Day that Will Live in Infamy”
President Roosevelt stopped exports (oil, airplanes, aviation gas, and metals) to Japan to protest its expansion into other countries
The Japanese surprise attacked the U.S. Navy fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on Dec. 7, 1941
Japan hoped to destroy the fleet giving them control of the Pacific Ocean
Congress declared war on Japan
Allied Powers: USA, Great Britain, Soviet Union
Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan
Roosevelt asked congress to declare war on Dec. 8, 41 in a speech to the country. They did. Few days later Germany and Italy declared war on US and we did in turn. So, we were fighting a two front war – Pacific and European.

7. Bell Aircraft Marietta, GA – B-29 Bombers
Most advanced technology of the war.
Produced 650 bombers before end of WWII
Some used in WWII some used in Korea
30,000 people employed
Largest plant ever built in the Deep South.
Closed after the war until 1951
Currently, Lockheed Martin Company
Dobbins Air Force base

8. American Military Forces
Millions of Americans enlisted after the attack on Pearl Harbor
330,000 women joined – could not serve in combat roles
Segregation in the military kept African American and white service men in different units
Tuskegee Airmen: famous African American flyers of the Army Air Force

9. Military Bases/ shipyards
WWI – more military facilities in GA than any other state
WWII – many bases grew in size (straining and supplies)
Ft Benning (Columbus) – infantry
Ft. Gordon (Augusta) – largest training
Many held prisoners
Many Contributions came from civilian (mostly women) – build “liberty ships”
Used to transport troops and supplies to both fronts
187 ships build in Savannah or Brunswick

10. The War in Europe
: British and American troops won control of Africa
1943: Mussolini overthrown - Italy joined the Allies
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower coordinated plan to recapture Europe
D-Day: June 6, 1944 – Allied forces land in northern France
Early 1945: Germans pushed out of France
April 1945: Soviet and American troops meet and Germany surrenders – Hitler commits suicide
We Interrupt this broadcast……

11. Georgia Loses a Friend FDR visited GA over 40 times (1913-1945)
“Little White House” in Warm Springs
His polio symptoms were eased in the mineral springs
Hosted Thanksgiving dinner to all patients
GA supported FDR in all four elections
Many in North, (including his wife), believed he did not do enough to help end segregation and promote civil rights in the south.
Angered many in GA, spoke against unfair labor practices in GA’s Textile industry – urged for removal of Dem.Sen. Walter George from office due to efforts to block New Deal legislation

12. Georgia Loses a Friend
April 12, 1945: President Roosevelt died at Warm Springs
Having a portrait done – informed staff he had a horrible headache - passed out.
Taken to bedroom – never awoke.
Massive stroke from a cerebral hemorrhage
Georgians mourned “adopted son”
Vice President Harry Truman became president

13. The War in the Pacific
1942: Japan expanded its territory throughout the Asian Pacific region
1945: Allied forces began to retake Japanese controlled lands
Japan refused to surrender
President Truman authorized the use of atomic bombs to force Japan’s surrender
Enola Gay: plane that dropped first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan
Japan surrendered after a second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki
Over 50 million people died in the war
We Interrupt this broadcast……

14. Richard B. Russell (1897 – 1971)
Governor of GA and US Senator (38 yrs)
Born in Widner – UGA Graduate (law degree) – GGA(age 23) – Governor (age 34) - Senator
Advocate for a strong military
Armed Services and Appropriations Committees
15 Military bases to GA
CDC to GA
Segregationist – opposed many civil rights bills
National School Lunch Program

15. Carl Vinson ( )
“The most expensive thing in the world is a cheap Army and Navy.”
“Father of the Two Ocean Navy”
Born in Baldwin County – Mercer University (Law degree) – GGA – US House of Rep (51 yrs)
Very involve in military matters until retirement from Congress (1964)
For 50+ years of service:
Presidential Medal of Freedom
US nuclear powered aircraft carrier named after him
Largest challenge from Tom Watson – but otherwise unopposed for most of his tenure

16. The Holocaust
The Holocaust: systematic mass murder of over 6 million Jews
Concentration camps used to impression, work, and execute: Jews, gypsies, homosexuals, and political dissidents.
Many survivors moved to/lived in GA – made Georgians rethink their treatment of minorities
Former Gov. Joe Frank Harris – GA commission on the Holocaust to educate people on the event.

17. Georgia During WWII
320,000 Georgians joined the armed forces – over 7,000 killed
Military bases were built in the state which improved the economy
Farmers grew needed crops – income tripled for the average farmer
Limits were put on the consumption of goods such as gasoline, meat, butter, and sugar (rationing)
Students were encouraged to buy war bonds and defense stamps to pay for the war
Victory Garden: small family gardens to make sure soldiers would have enough food
POW (prisoner of war) camps in Georgia at some military bases

18. Effects on GA Society Everyone was expected to help in the war effort
Women began working in jobs to replace men who had gone to war
G.I. Bill: law to help returning soldiers adapt to civilian life
Low cost loans for homes or business
College education opportunities
Women and African Americans did not want to go back to the kind of life they had before the war

21. Assignment Create a propaganda poster: Chose WWI or WWII
Must contain picture
Must be in color
Choose topic:
Joining military (men)
Joining military (women)
Support of soldiers (Adults)
Support of soldiers (children)
Security at home

22. Unit 8 Quiz 3 What did Bell Aircraft create for WWII?
Why was FDR in GA so much?
Who was the GA Gov/Senator that developed the School Lunch program?
Who is known as the “Father of the Two Ocean Navy”?
What happened to the economy of GA during WWII?
Name the plane that dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima.
Who was the leader of Germany’s National Socialist Party?
Who became President in 1933?
Why was Hoover’s laissez-faire policies blamed for the depression?
What happened to pull the USA into WWII?
What was built in Savannah and Brunswick during WWII?
What were GA’s contribution to WWII?
What did Richard B. Russell bring to GA?
Why did GA feel such a connection with those affected by the Holocaust?