1. Cell Diversity and Cell Parts
Essential Standard
Bio..1.1 Understand the relationship between the structures and functions of cells and their organelles.

2. Cell Diversity Human body contains over 200 different types of cells
Size – cells are limited in size by ratio between surface area and volume
Cells grow larger, more nutrient demand
Shape – cells shape reflects diversity of different functions

3. Cell Types Prokaryotic Cells – “before nucleus” Ex. Bacteria
Unicellular
Contains cell membrane, ribosomes, circular DNA (plasmids).
No nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Ex. Bacteria

4. Cell Types Eukaryotic Cells – “good nucleus”
Unicellular or Multicellular
Contains cell membrane and membrane bound organelles
Has nucleus – contains DNA
Ex. Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi

5. Cell Parts
Organelle – cell part that performs vital functions for the cell
Some are membrane-bound
All Cells have
Cytoplasm – fluid that keeps organelles in place
Cytosol
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
DNA

6. Cell Membrane Semipermeable membrane Composed of phospholipid bilayer
Polar phosphate head (hydrophilic)
2 nonpolar, fatty acid tails (hydrophobic)
Fluid Mosaic Model
Membrane Proteins
Peripheral Proteins
Integral Proteins
Carbohydrates
Steroids

7. Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell; produces ATP (energy)
Has double membrane
More cristae (inner membrane folds) = more ATP production
Has DNA

8. Ribosomes
Protein Production
Has no membrane

9. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Rough ER – studded with ribosomes; prepares proteins for export
Has membrane
Smooth ER – synthesizes steroids, regulates calcium levels, and breaks down toxins

10. Golgi Apparatus Processes and packages substances produced by cell
Vesicles
Has membrane

11. Lysosome Digests molecules, old organelles, and foreign substances
Contains enzymes
Has membrane

12. Cytoskeleton
Network of long protein strands in cytosol; support movement and division
Made up of microfilaments and microtubules
Has no membrane

13. Cilia, Flagella, and Pseudopods
Cilia – hair-like extensions that aids in movement and feeding
Flagella – long, whip-like tail that propels cell through environment
Pseudopods – cytoplasmic extensions that aid in movement and capturing food

14. Nucleus Stores DNA, manufactures ribosomes and RNA
Nucleolus – where ribosomes are synthesized
Has nuclear envelope = double membrane

15. Cell Wall Supports the structure of and protects the cell
Made of carbohydrates

16. Vacuole Central Vacuole – in plant cells; stores water
Food Vacuole – in animal cells; stores food and waste
Contractile Vacuole – in animal cells; maintains water balance

17. Plastids Stores food or pigments Double membrane
Chloroplasts – transfers light energy into organic compounds
Thylakoids –within chloroplasts and stores chlorophyll
Double membrane