1. Animal Unit Review

2. Animals
List any defining characteristics that you can think of that describe animals

3. Animals
List any differences that you can think of that distinguish animals from other groups of organisms
Eukaryotic, Heterotrophic, Multicellular Organisms
All require movement, response to environment, excretion, reproduction, respiration/circulation
Cells do not have cell walls, they have lysosomes and centrioles, etc

4. Protostomes vs. Deuterostomes
List the animal phyla that are Protostomes and that are Deuterostomes

5. Protostomes vs. Deuterostomes
List the animal phyla that are Protostomes and that are Deuterostomes
Protostomes—Roundworms, Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods
Deuterostomes—Echinoderms, Chordates

6. Acoelomates, Deuterocoelomates, and Coelomates
List the animal phyla that are Acoelomates, Deuterocoelomates, and Coelomates

7. Acoelomates, Deuterocoelomates, and Coelomates
List the animal phyla that are Acoelomates, Deuterocoelomates, and Coelomates
Acoelomates—Sponges, Cnidarians, Flatworms
Deuterocoelomates—Roundworms
Coelomates—Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods, Echinoderms, Chordates

8. Symmetry
List the animal phyla that show Radial Symmetry and those that show Bilateral Symmetry

9. Symmetry
List the animal phyla that show Radial Symmetry and those that show Bilateral Symmetry
Radial Symmetry—Cnidarians, Echinoderms (during adult phase, 5-part symmetry)
Bilateral Symmetry—Flatworms, Roundworms, Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods, Echinoderms (during larval stage), Chordates

10. Symmetry
Draw a bilaterally symmetrical animal and label the anterior, posterior, dorsal, and ventral sides as well as the axis of symmetry

11. Symmetry
Draw a bilaterally symmetrical organism and label the anterior, posterior, dorsal, and ventral sides as well as the axis of symmetry

12. Skeletons
Which phyla have exoskeletons? Endoskeletons?

13. Skeletons Which phyla have exoskeletons? Endoskeletons?
Exoskeleton—Arthropods (chitin), some Mollusks (calcium carbonate)
Endoskeleton—Echinoderms (calcium carbonate), Chordates (bone/cartilage), Sponges (spicules)

14. Skeletons
What kind of skeleton does a worm or a cnidarian use? What provides the structural support?

15. Skeletons
What kind of skeleton does a worm or a cnidarian use? What provides the structural support?
Hydrostatic skeleton
Water pressure

16. Circulation
Name three types of circulatory systems and describe them.

17. Circulation Name three types of circulatory systems and describe them.
Open Circulatory System—blood is pumped througout body, not fully contained by blood vessels
Closed Circulatory System—blood is continuously kept within blood vessels
Water Vascular System—water is pushed through channels to transport materials throughout body

18. Germ Layers
Name the three types of germ layers, and describe where they are

19. Germ Layers
Name the three types of germ layers, and describe where they are
Endoderm—inside lining of digestive tract
Ectoderm—outside layer of organism
Mesoderm—middle tissue layer, between endoderm and ectoderm

20. Cephalization
Describe cephalization

21. Cephalization Describe cephalization
Sensory organs are concentrated in anterior end of organism

22. Cephalization
List phyla with cephalization

23. Cephalization List phyla with cephalization
Flatworms, Roundworms, Annelids, Some Mollusks, Arthropods, Echinoderms (during larval stage), Chordates

24. Sponges
Identify three defining characteristics of sponges

25. Sponges Identify three defining characteristics of sponges
Asymmetry, sessile, spicules, intracellular digestion, filter feeding, flagella used in water movement

26. Cnidarians
What do cnidarians use cnidocytes for?

27. Cnidarians What do cnidarians use cnidocytes for?
Stinging and paralyzing their prey

28. Cnidarians
Describe the two main stages of a cnidarian life cycle

29. Cnidarians Describe the two main stages of a cnidarian life cycle
Polyp stage and Medusa stage

30. Mollusks
List the four parts of a the body plan in a mollusk

31. Mollusks List the four parts of a the body plan in a mollusk Foot
Mantle
Shell
Visceral Mass

32. Arthropods
List at least 5 defining characteristics of arthropods

33. Arthropods List at least 5 defining characteristics of arthropods
Bilateral Symmetry
Segmented bodies
Appendages
Exoskeletons made of chitin
Open circulatory system
Highly developed nervous system
Locomotion by muscle contraction
Respiration through tracheal tubes or book lungs/gills
Molting exoskeleton

34. Echinoderms
What do tube feet do? How do they work?

35. Echinoderms What do tube feet do? How do they work?
Transport, Collecting food, diffusion for gas exchange
Water vascular system pushes water into and out of tube feet to produce suction

36. Chordates
List two examples of chordates that are not vertebrates

37. Chordates List two examples of chordates that are not vertebrates
Tunicates and Lancelets

38. Amphibians
List two differences between most larval amphibians and adult amphibians

39. Amphibians
List two differences between most larval amphibians and adult amphibians
Gill respiration vs. lungs/diffusion
Herbivores vs. Carnivores
Development of legs in adults
Aquatic vs. Terrestrial

40. Reptiles
List 2 adaptations that allow reptiles to succeed away from water

41. Reptiles
List 2 adaptations that allow reptiles to succeed away from water
Amniotic Egg
Scales
Excretory system that conserves water, converts ammonia to uric acid
Developed lungs with more surface area (helps with being terrestrial)
Stronger legs, more underneath their bodies

42. Birds
Name three adaptations allow birds to fly

43. Birds Name three adaptations allow birds to fly Hollow bones
Strong chest muscles/enlarged sternum
Wings/Contour feathers
Efficient lungs to allow for constant oxygen intake (enables high metabolism)
Four-chambered heart and two-loop circulatory system

44. Mammals
List three distinguishing features of mammals

45. Mammals List three distinguishing features of mammals Mammary glands
Hair
Endothermy
Large cerebrum and cerebellum
Four chambered heart
Most produce live young
Most are tetrapods
Care well for young

46. Temperature Regulation
List vertebrate classes that are ectothermic and endothermic

47. Temperature Regulation
List vertebrate classes that are ectothermic and endothermic
Ectothermic—Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles
Endothermic—Birds, Mammals

48. Temperature Regulation
List an advantage and a disadvantage of being endothermic

49. Temperature Regulation
List an advantage and a disadvantage of being endothermic
Advantages—can survive in cold temperatures
*have built-in cooling or heat conservation mechanisms as well (sweating, panting, hair, feathers, subcutaneous fat)
Disadvantages—high metabolism requires a lot of energy

50. Respiration
List vertebrate classes that use gills for respiration

51. Respiration List vertebrate classes that use gills for respiration
All fish, most amphibians

52. Eggs
List an animal that is oviparous, one that is ovoviviparous, and one that is viviparous

53. Eggs
List an animal that is oviparous, one that is ovoviviparous, and one that is viviparous
Oviparous—Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, very few Mammals
Ovoviviparous—Some Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles
Viviparous—Most mammals, some Fish and Reptiles

54. Circulation
Describe the organization of the heart for each of the following: fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, mammal

55. Circulation
Describe the organization of the heart for each of the following: fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, mammal
Fish—Two chambers (one atrium, one ventricle)
Amphibian—Three chambers (two atria, one ventricle)
Reptile—Most have three chambers (two atria, one ventricle with partial separation by septum)
Bird and Mammal—Four chambers (two atria, two ventricles)