1. The Civil War Begins
Get ready to fight!

2. Choosing Sides
Most Northerners supported the Union- they wanted to preserve the country
11 Southern states seceded to form the Confederacy
Most Southerners supported the Confederacy- they wanted to win their independence and defend their land!
The Border States (Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware) were torn- they remained part of the union, but allowed slavery

4. Northern strengths
22 million people to fight (only 9 mil in South and 1/3 were slaves)
More factories for weapons and supplies
More railroads-could move people and supplies faster

5. Southern Strengths Most of the fighting took place in the South
Excellent military leaders like Robert E. Lee…

6. Robert E. Lee Was a U.S. Army colonel Was asked by Lincoln to head
up the Union army
Was a native Virginian and decided he could not turn against his home, so he quit the army and took command of Virginia’s troops
“I cannot raise my hand against my birthplace, my home, my children.”

7. The North’s Strategy Blockade the South Stop trading ships from
leaving or entering Southern
ports
The South would run out of
supplies and become weak
Control the Mississippi River,
then attack the East and West
at the same time

8. The South’s Strategy Richmond became the capital of the South
Protect the land!
Defend their homes!
Hoped that some European countries would help them
Why would they want to help?
Fight off Northern attacks until the Union gave up

9. The Battle of Bull Run Both sides expected a quick and easy victory
Union marches down to capture Richmond
The two armies meet at a stream called Bull Run
General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson led the Confederacy to victory

10. Battle of Antietam Lee and Jackson continue to have victories
Lee decided to invade Maryland
A Union army stopped him and the battle is known as the deadliest day of the war
23,000 casualties combined

11. Union Fights Back
General Ulysses S. Grant was an important leader for the Union
He led his army to many victories
Eventually, the only Confederate town left on the Mississippi was Vicksburg
Grant knew he had to capture Vicksburg to control the river

12. Presidents Struggle Jefferson Davis faced many problems
B/c of the Union blockade, he could not get enough food and supplies to fight
Not enough people wanted to fight, so he had to institute a draft (he was often ignored)
Lincoln had to have a draft too (rich people bought their way out) and as people continued to die, it was hard to find support for the war

13. AHA! Our Plan is Working…
The plan to blockade the South seemed to be working
Lincoln knew he had to push the North towards victory
He also knew that the real issue dividing the country was slavery and that freeing the slaves would weaken the Confederacy
He also hoped that the newly freed slaves would fight for the Union

14. The Emancipation Proclamation

15. He signed it!
Does it really do anything? (Freed people in a land Lincoln had no control of)
Confederates ignored the new law
The North would have to defeat the South to free the slaves
The Proclamation was attacked, the Union lost soldiers, and the Republican party itself suffered losses
Freed slaves were urged to join the Union army

16. A Boost for the North The Union wins two important battles
General Grant took over Vicksburg which gave the North control of the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy into two parts
General Lee decides to invade the Union and marched North into Pennsylvania
The Union army met them near the town of Gettysburg
For two days, the armies battled
Lee ordered a final attack, but the Union was ready…

17. Battle of Gettysburg
They defeated the South with heavy fire and forced Lee to retreat
Later, Lincoln gave a speech at Gettysburg known as the Gettysburg Address
He honored all who
had died and declared
that the Union was
fighting to preserve
democracy

18. Meanwhile, Back on the Home Front…
Families worried that their loved ones would not return
Woman took over men’s jobs (in factories, businesses, and farms)
Woman supported the troops and some worked as nurses- Clara Barton
Some women Served as spies or passed themselves as soldiers and fought

19. The Soldiers Soldiers came from many different backgrounds
African Americans fought for the Union
Immigrants
American Indians
Boys too young to fight served as drummer boys
Women in disguise

22. Southern Homefront Farms became battlefields
Cities and homes were destroyed
Food was scarce and expensive
The Emancipation Proclamation gave slaves hope of freedom

23. War Rages On
To end the war, the North had to destroy the South’s ability to fight
Lincoln made General Grant the commander of all Union armies
Grant planned to capture Richmond and he ordered General William Tecumseh Sherman to lead the army in Tennessee
General Sherman planned to attack Atlanta, Ga…

24. The Atlanta Campaign
Sherman began his attack in May and succeeded in September
He sent a telegraph to Lincoln sharing the good news
From Atlanta, Sherman marched to Savannah; this is known as the March to the Sea

26. TOTAL War
On the way to Savannah, Sherman and his troops destroyed anything the Southerners needed for the war
They stole food, killed animals, and wrecked railroads and factories
Sherman wanted to make the Southerners give up fighting

27. Lee Meets Grant Grant leads his huge army towards Richmond
Grant kept attacking and eventually wore down the Confederacy and they were forced further and further south
The two armies faced each other in Richmond for over a year
The Union grew stronger from the constant fee of supplies and soldiers

28. Lee surrenders
Lee’s army was in tatters and struggling; Grant’s was going strong
Confederate soldiers began to desert
Lee was forced to retreat and the Union captured Richmond
Lee is forced to surrender to Grant in the Virginia town of Appomattox at the court house
Word got out and other southern generals surrender
The war is finally over

30. Plans for Reconstruction
The period when the South rejoined the Union was known as Reconstruction
Some wanted to make it hard on the South and some wanted it easy
Lincoln planned to let the defeated states set up new state governments and rejoin quickly, but then…

31. Lincoln’s Assassination
Lincoln was killed while attending a play
He was shot by John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate supporter

32. Effects of the War
Farms, cities, and factories in the South were destroyed
People had to rebuild homes and businesses
Former slaves were now free, but had no money, homes, or jobs
North grew stronger after the war
Industries grew