1. Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Vitamins Minerals Water
Nutrients
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
Water

2. Why do we eat? To sustain physical well-being or to keep us fit
To sustain energy
To regulate body functions
To sustain growth or body cells & tissues
To alleviate hunger

3. In order to survive, the human body needs the nutrients found in food
In order to survive, the human body needs the nutrients found in food. These nutrients, which perform a number of life-sustaining functions in the body, are divided into six main categories: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, and Water. Each has a unique function in the normal growth and functioning of the body.

4. Carbohydrates
Energy giving nutrient which include starches, fiber and sugars
The body's preferred source of energy
Excess is stored in the form of glycogen (stored sugar), excess glycogen is stored as fat.
One gram carbohydrates = 4 calories

5. Role of Carbohydrates Convert to glucose (body’s chief fuel)
stored in liver and muscles as glycogen, as needed converted back to glucose
Source of Fiber

6. 2 types of carbohydrates
Simple CHO
Sugars
Fructose: fruit
Lactose: milk
Maltose: grain
Sucrose: table sugar
Complex CHO
Starches
Rice
Grains
Seeds/nuts
Legumes

7. FIBER provides little energy and can not be digested by humans
Increases the amount of fluid and bulk in your digestive tract
Important to eliminate waste from the large intestine
Great Sources
Vegetables
Fruits
Whole grain breads and cereals

8. Protein
Made up of amino acids which are needed to build and repair body structures and regulate process in the body
Build new tissue throughout life to replace the damaged or worn out tissues.
Vital part of every cell
Excess protein are converted to fat for storage
One gram of Protein = 4 calories
Made of chains of building blocks called Amino acids

9. Amino Acids (protein)
Building blocks that join together to form specific proteins
Essential Amino Acids- are not manufactured by the body, they must be in the food you eat.
Great Food Sources
Meat
Poultry
Fish
Milk
Cheese
Beans

10. Fat Most concentrated form of energy storage in the body
-delivers more than twice the energy of CHO or Protein
They are a type of lipid (does not dissolve in water)

11. 2 types of Fats Saturated: Are solid at room temperatures
Usually come from animals
Associated with heart disease
Ex: beef, pork, egg yolks, and dairy foods, butter, Crisco
Unsaturated:
Usually liquid at room temperature
Vegetable fats
Can reduce risk of heart diseases
Ex: corn oil, vegetable oil, olive oil

12. Role of Fat Carry vitamins A, D, E, K Add flavor in food
Satisfy hunger
One gram of Fat = 9 calories
Body fat provides cushion for vital organs and insulation

13. Cholesterol Fatlike substance found in all human and animal tissues.
Cholesterol is not a main (key) nutrient
High-density lipoprotein “good” helps remove from body
Low-density lipoprotein when gets to high, plaque builds up on walls of blood vessels
Body can make what it needs
Also found in egg yolks, whole milk, fatty red meats

14. Vitamins
Contain carbon and are micronutrients because they are needed in small amounts to help maintain health and allow growth
13 vitamins play a key role
-vitamins D is the only one produced by the body

15. 2 categories of Vitamins
Water Soluble
Dissolve in water
-Vitamin C
-Vitamin B
Excess amounts come out in your pee
Fat Soluble
They are absorbed and transported by fat
-Vitamins
A, D, E and K
Mainly from plants

16. Vitamin Deficiency Diseases
Scurvy – Lack of Vitamin C
Sever bleeding of the gums, pain in the joints
Rickets – Lack of Vitamin D
Poor formation of bones

17. Minerals
Micronutrients that are chemical elements needed for certain body process, such as enzyme activity and bone formations
Each has a unique purpose
During teen years iron is very important because you are growing
Zinc helps with healing

18. *Anemia -iron deficiency that may cause you to feel tired
Important Minerals
Iron
Found in hemoglobin that attracts oxygen
Sources are meat, dried beans and eggs
*Anemia -iron deficiency that may cause you to feel tired

19. Osteoporosis – in adults
Calcium
Helps develop and maintain bone strength, muscle contraction, and blood clotting
Sources are dairy products
*calcium deficiencies
Rickets – in children
Osteoporosis – in adults

20. Three other important Minerals
Sodium, Chloride, Potassium
-Electrolytes
-Help maintain balance of body fluids in cells
Sources: Bananas, potatoes, orange juice, Sports drinks

21. Water Most essential nutrient
Carries nutrients to and waste materials out of the body
Regulates body temperature
Helps with digestion
Sources: Soup, Milk, Juice, Fruits