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What is an Equivalence Partition?
How does it help to improve E&E of testing? What are the EPs for name in the method below? /** * Adds the name to the course list. name must be between 5 to 50 chars (both inclusive) * and not already in the course list */ void addName(String name) { … } 5..50 Case sensitivity? Leading/trailing spaces? < 5 in the list not in the list > 50 null Empty string
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Equivalence partitioning
How to choose? E&E of testing Some heuristics Test case Equivalence partitioning
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Equivalence partitioning Boundary value analysis
How to choose? E&E of testing Some heuristics Test case Equivalence partitioning Boundary value analysis
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Equivalence partitioning Boundary value analysis
How to choose? E&E of testing Some heuristics Test case Equivalence partitioning Boundary value analysis
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Boundary value analysis
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isValidMonth (int m): boolean
Boundary value analysis isValidMonth (int m): boolean MIN_INT 1 12 13 MAX_INT
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isValidMonth (int m): boolean
Boundary value analysis isValidMonth (int m): boolean MIN_INT 1 12 13 MAX_INT
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isValidMonth (int m): boolean
Boundary value analysis isValidMonth (int m): boolean MIN_INT 1 12 13 MAX_INT if(m>=1)||(m<12) … if(m>=1)||(m<=12) …
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isValidMonth (int m): boolean
Boundary value analysis isValidMonth (int m): boolean MIN_INT 1 12 13 MAX_INT
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isValidMonth (int m): boolean
Boundary value analysis isValidMonth (int m): boolean MIN_INT 1 12 13 MAX_INT
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What are the boundary values for i?
Boundary value analysis What are the boundary values for i? isPrimeNumber (int i):boolean Description: Checks if i is a prime number. Returns true if i is a prime number, false otherwise. Not prime numbers Prime numbers
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What are the boundary values for i?
Boundary value analysis What are the boundary values for i? isPrimeNumber (int i):boolean Description: Checks if i is a prime number. Returns true if i is a prime number, false otherwise.
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BVA helps to improve E&E by …
How to choose? E&E of testing Some heuristics Test case Equivalence partitioning Boundary value analysis BVA helps to improve E&E by …
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Equivalence partitioning Boundary value analysis
How to choose? E&E of testing Some heuristics Test case Equivalence partitioning Boundary value analysis Combining multiple inputs
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Equivalence partitioning Boundary value analysis
How to choose? E&E of testing Some heuristics Test case Equivalence partitioning Boundary value analysis Combining multiple inputs
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Combining multiple inputs
:MSLogic markCellAt(x,y)
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Combining multiple inputs
markCellAt(x,y) markCellAt(x,y)
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Combining multiple inputs
markCellAt(x,y) MSLogic x y Cell GAME_STATE
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[MIN_INT..-1] [0..(W-1)] [W..MAX_INT] [MIN_INT..-1] [0..(H-1)]
Combining multiple inputs markCellAt(x,y) x y Cell GAME_STATE HIDDEN MARKED CLEARED INC_MARKED INC_CLEARED PRE_GAME READY IN_PLAY WON LOST [MIN_INT..-1] [0..(W-1)] [W..MAX_INT] [MIN_INT..-1] [0..(H-1)] [H..MAX_INT] W -> Width H -> Height
![[MIN_INT..-1] [0..(W-1)] [W..MAX_INT] [MIN_INT..-1] [0..(H-1)]](http://slideplayer.com./slide/12948591/78/images/20/%5BMIN_INT..-1%5D+%5B0..%28W-1%29%5D+%5BW..MAX_INT%5D+%5BMIN_INT..-1%5D+%5B0..%28H-1%29%5D.jpg "Combining multiple inputs. markCellAt(x,y) x. y. Cell. GAME_STATE. HIDDEN. MARKED. CLEARED. INC_MARKED. INC_CLEARED. PRE_GAME. READY. IN_PLAY. WON. LOST. [MIN_INT..-1] [0..(W-1)] [W..MAX_INT] [MIN_INT..-1] [0..(H-1)] [H..MAX_INT] W -> Width. H -> Height.")
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[MIN_INT..-1] [0..(W-1)] [W..MAX_INT] [MIN_INT..-1] [0..(H-1)]
Combining multiple inputs markCellAt(x,y) x y Cell GAME_STATE HIDDEN MARKED CLEARED INC_MARKED INC_CLEARED PRE_GAME READY IN_PLAY WON LOST [MIN_INT..-1] [0..(W-1)] [W..MAX_INT] [MIN_INT..-1] [0..(H-1)] [H..MAX_INT] MIN_INT, -2, -1,0, 2, (W-1), W, W+1, MAX_INT
![[MIN_INT..-1] [0..(W-1)] [W..MAX_INT] [MIN_INT..-1] [0..(H-1)]](http://slideplayer.com./slide/12948591/78/images/21/%5BMIN_INT..-1%5D+%5B0..%28W-1%29%5D+%5BW..MAX_INT%5D+%5BMIN_INT..-1%5D+%5B0..%28H-1%29%5D.jpg "Combining multiple inputs. markCellAt(x,y) x. y. Cell. GAME_STATE. HIDDEN. MARKED. CLEARED. INC_MARKED. INC_CLEARED. PRE_GAME. READY. IN_PLAY. WON. LOST. [MIN_INT..-1] [0..(W-1)] [W..MAX_INT] [MIN_INT..-1] [0..(H-1)] [H..MAX_INT] MIN_INT, -2, -1,0, 2, (W-1), W, W+1, MAX_INT.")
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[MIN_INT..-1] [0..(W-1)] [W..MAX_INT] [MIN_INT..-1] [0..(H-1)]
Combining multiple inputs markCellAt(x,y) x y Cell GAME_STATE HIDDEN MARKED CLEARED INC_MARKED INC_CLEARED PRE_GAME READY IN_PLAY WON LOST [MIN_INT..-1] [0..(W-1)] [W..MAX_INT] [MIN_INT..-1] [0..(H-1)] [H..MAX_INT] MIN_INT, -2, -1,0, 2, (W-1), W, W+1, MAX_INT MIN_INT, -2, -1,0, 2, (H-1), H, H+1, MAX_INT
![[MIN_INT..-1] [0..(W-1)] [W..MAX_INT] [MIN_INT..-1] [0..(H-1)]](http://slideplayer.com./slide/12948591/78/images/22/%5BMIN_INT..-1%5D+%5B0..%28W-1%29%5D+%5BW..MAX_INT%5D+%5BMIN_INT..-1%5D+%5B0..%28H-1%29%5D.jpg "Combining multiple inputs. markCellAt(x,y) x. y. Cell. GAME_STATE. HIDDEN. MARKED. CLEARED. INC_MARKED. INC_CLEARED. PRE_GAME. READY. IN_PLAY. WON. LOST. [MIN_INT..-1] [0..(W-1)] [W..MAX_INT] [MIN_INT..-1] [0..(H-1)] [H..MAX_INT] MIN_INT, -2, -1,0, 2, (W-1), W, W+1, MAX_INT. MIN_INT, -2, -1,0, 2, (H-1), H, H+1, MAX_INT.")
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HIDDEN MARKED CLEARED INC_MARKED INC_CLEARED PRE_GAME READY IN_PLAY
Combining multiple inputs markCellAt(x,y) x y Cell GAME_STATE HIDDEN MARKED CLEARED INC_MARKED INC_CLEARED PRE_GAME READY IN_PLAY WON LOST MIN_INT, -2, -1,0, 2, (W-1), W, W+1, MAX_INT MIN_INT, -2, -1,0, 2, (H-1), H, H+1, MAX_INT
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HIDDEN MARKED CLEARED INC_MARKED INC_CLEARED PRE_GAME READY IN_PLAY
Combining multiple inputs markCellAt(x,y) Cell GAME_STATE HIDDEN MARKED CLEARED INC_MARKED INC_CLEARED PRE_GAME READY IN_PLAY WON LOST y MIN_INT, -2, -1,0, 2, (H-1), H, H+1, MAX_INT x MIN_INT, -2, -1,0, 2, (W-1), W, W+1, MAX_INT
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HIDDEN MARKED CLEARED INC_MARKED INC_CLEARED PRE_GAME READY IN_PLAY
Combining multiple inputs markCellAt(x,y) Cell GAME_STATE HIDDEN MARKED CLEARED INC_MARKED INC_CLEARED PRE_GAME READY IN_PLAY WON LOST y MIN_INT, -2, -1,0, 2, (H-1), H, H+1, MAX_INT x MIN_INT, -2, -1,0, 2, (W-1), W, W+1, MAX_INT
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2025 HIDDEN MARKED CLEARED INC_MARKED INC_CLEARED PRE_GAME READY
Combining multiple inputs markCellAt(x,y) Cell GAME_STATE HIDDEN MARKED CLEARED INC_MARKED INC_CLEARED PRE_GAME READY IN_PLAY WON LOST y MIN_INT, -2, -1,0, 2, (H-1), H, H+1, MAX_INT x MIN_INT, -2, -1,0, 2, (W-1), W, W+1, MAX_INT 9x9x5x5= 2025
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Combining multiple inputs
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77577 OR tinyurl.com/answerpost
Combining multiple inputs gender size speed female large fast male medium slow blank small 3x3x2= 18 Payment for testing: $100 Cost per test case: $10 Penalty for uncaught bug: $200 Work out a set of test cases that is both E&E. How many do you have? count {answer} e.g. count 9 OR tinyurl.com/answerpost
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18 gender size speed female large fast male medium slow blank small
Combining multiple inputs gender size speed female large fast male medium slow blank small 3x3x2= 18 Case gender size speed Output 1 female large fast behavior 1 2 male medium slow error 1 3 blank small -any - error 2
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18 gender size speed female large fast male medium slow blank small
Combining multiple inputs gender size speed female large fast male medium slow blank small 3x3x2= 18 Case gender size speed Output 1 female large fast behavior 1 2 male medium slow error 1 3 blank small -any - error 2
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18 gender size speed female large fast male medium slow blank small
Combining multiple inputs gender size speed female large fast male medium slow blank small 3x3x2= 18 Case gender size speed Output 1 female large fast behavior 1 2 male medium slow error 1 3 blank small -any - error 2
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Case gender size speed Output 1 female large fast behavior 1 2 male medium slow error 1 3 blank small -any - error 2 Heuristic : Each valid input should appear at least once without invalid inputs
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Case gender size speed Output 1 female large fast behavior 1 2 male medium slow error 1 3 blank small -any - error 2 Heuristic : Each valid input should appear at least once without invalid inputs
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Case gender size speed Output 1 female large fast behavior 1 2 male medium slow error 1 3 blank small -any - error 2 Case gender size speed Output 1 female large fast behavior 1 2 male -any valid - slow behavior 2 2a medium error 1 3 blank small -any - error 2 Heuristic : Each valid input should appear at least once without invalid inputs
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Case gender size speed Output 1 female large fast behavior 1 2 male medium slow error 1 3 blank small -any - error 2 Case gender size speed Output 1 female large fast behavior 1 2 male -any valid - slow behavior 2 2a medium error 1 3 blank small -any - error 2 Heuristic : Each valid input should appear at least once without invalid inputs
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Heuristic: Only one invalid input per test case
gender size speed Output 1 female large fast behavior 1 2 male medium slow error 1 3 blank small -any - error 2 Case gender size speed Output 1 female large fast behavior 1 2 male -any valid - slow behavior 2 2a medium error 1 3 blank small -any - error 2 Heuristic: Only one invalid input per test case
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Heuristic: Only one invalid input per test case
gender size speed Output 1 female large fast behavior 1 2 male medium slow error 1 3 blank small -any - error 2 Case gender size speed Output 1 female large fast behavior 1 2 male -any valid - slow behavior 2 2a medium error 1 3 blank small -any - error 2 Heuristic: Only one invalid input per test case
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Heuristic: Only one invalid input per test case
gender size speed Output 1 female large fast behavior 1 2 male -any valid - slow behavior 2 2a medium error 1 3 blank small error 2 5 3x3x2= 18 Case gender size speed Output 1 female large fast behavior 1 2 male -any valid - slow behavior 2 2a medium error 1 3 blank error 2 4 small error 3 Heuristic: Only one invalid input per test case
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Combining multiple inputs Equivalence partitioning
How to choose? E&E of testing Some heuristics Combining multiple inputs Test case Equivalence partitioning Boundary value analysis
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Apply in *some* places. e.g.
//5 is a boundary value for size assertEquals(5, getSize());
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Test case design heuristics
Other QA techniques Test case design heuristics
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