1. Write down as many causes of climate change that you can think of

2. Key idea: Climate Change is the result of natural and human factors, and has a range of effects.
Evidence for climate change from the beginning of the Quaternary Period to the present day
Possible causes of climate change
- natural factors; orbital changes, volcanic activity & solar output
- human factors; use of fossil fuels, agriculture & deforestation
Overview of the effects of climate change on people and the environment.

3. Possible causes of climate change: Possible causes of climate change:
natural factors; orbital changes, volcanic activity & solar output
Possible causes of climate change:
human factors; use of fossil fuels, agriculture & deforestation
Up to 4: Give a basic description of one or two causes of climate change.
5/6: Give a more detailed description and some explanation of a wider range of causes of climate change. Can categorise into human and natural factors.
7+: Give a detailed description and explanation of all causes of climate change categorised into human and natural factors. Discusses which causes are likely to have a more significant impact in modern times.

4. Possible causes of climate change:
natural factors; orbital changes, volcanic activity & solar output

5. Climate Change is a natural and inevitable process - climate will always be changing gradually and slowly.

6. Possible causes of climate change: natural factors
Orbital Change
Volcanic Activity
Solar Output

7. Orbital
Changes
The way the Earth moves around the sun changes. The path of the Earth’s orbit changes from a perfect circle to an ellipse (oval) and back again about every 100,000 years.
When the earth has an elliptical orbit, the climate is warmer because it gets closer to the sun and receives more solar radiation.
Orbital Changes probably caused the glacial and interglacial cycles of the Quaternary Period.

8. Volcanic
Activity
Major volcanic eruptions eject large quantities of material into the atmosphere.
Some of these particles reflect the sun’s rays back out into space, so the Earth’s surface cools.
Volcanoes also release CO2 but not enough to cause warming.
Eruptions can cause short-term cooling, like that seen after the eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815 and Mount Pinatubo in 1991.

10. Solar
Output
The sun’s output energy isn’t constant – it changes in cycles of about 11 years, and possibly longer cycles of several hundred years.
Periods when solar output is reduced may cause the Earth’s climate to become cooler.
Most scientists agree that solar output only has a minimal effect on global climate change.

12. When would be the best years to see the Northern Lights?

13. Northern Lights in Hartlepool, 2014

14. Possible causes of climate change:
human factors; use of fossil fuels, agriculture & deforestation

15. Human causes of climate change are all about the increase of greenhouse gases and the greenhouse effect

16. Do you know your greenhouse gases?
The greenhouse effect is vital for life to survive on Earth.
It keeps the Earth warm with an average temperature of 14⁰C. Without it the Earth’s average temperature would be _____
-18⁰C
Nitrous Oxide
N2O O3
Ozone
H2O
Water Vapour
CH4
Methane
CO2
Carbon Dioxide
Do you know your greenhouse gases?

18. Which 2 greenhouse gases do we have a particular problem with?1 2
Which 2 greenhouse gases do we have a particular problem with?
CH4
CO2
Methane
Carbon dioxide

20. Recent Climate Change is being caused by humans and is not natural - this type of climate change is much quicker and drastic.

21. The human activities causing global warming
Burning Fossil Fuels
Farming
Cement Production
Deforestation

22. Rearing livestock produces a lot of methane – cows love to fart.
Human Activities cause global warming by increasing the greenhouse effect. By:
Burning Fossil Fuels
Farming
Cement Production
Deforestation
Plants remove CO2 from the atmosphere and convert it into organic matter using photosynthesis.
Rearing livestock produces a lot of methane – cows love to fart.
When trees are chopped down they stop taking in CO2.
CO2 is released into the atmosphere when trees are burnt as fuel or to make way for agriculture.
Rice paddies contribute to global warming because flooded fields produce methane.
CO2 is released into the atmosphere when we burn coal, oil, natural gas and petrol. The most common activity is in power stations and vehicles.
This is made from limestone, which contains carbon. When this is produced lots of CO2 is released into the atmosphere.

23. There appears to be a relationship between CO2 and global temperature
Burning Fossil Fuels
There appears to be a relationship between CO2 and global temperature

24. Deforestation

25. Farming

26. Cement Production

27. How many human causes of climate change can you spot here?
Can you see any effects of climate change?

28. Possible causes of climate change: Possible causes of climate change:
natural factors; orbital changes, volcanic activity & solar output
Possible causes of climate change:
human factors; use of fossil fuels, agriculture & deforestation

30. Concepts & Connections
Point
Marked
Concepts & Connections
AO2
Outline two reasons why human activities affect the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere (4)
You will need two developed points to achieve 4 marks

31. Concepts & Connections
Level
Marked
Concepts & Connections
AO2
Volcanic Activity
Solar Activity
Orbital Change
Select one from the above and describe how it can have an effect on global climates (4).
L1 Basic: Describes the chosen process
L2 Clear: Develops ideas to clearly link with how it affects global climate

32. The shape of the Earth’s orbit is known as The Milankovitch Cycles.
They are named after Milutin Milankovitch, a Serbian geophysicist and astronomer. While he was imprisoned during the First World War he studied the Earth’s orbit and identified three distinct cycles – known as The Milankovitch Cycles.
Find out about the three Milankovitch cycles.

33. Plenary Solar Output Deforestation Volcanic Activity Solar Output
Methane
Nitrous oxide
Carbon dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
Farming
Deforestation
Conservation
Cement Production

34. Key idea: Climate Change is the result of natural and human factors, and has a range of effects.
Evidence for climate change from the beginning of the Quaternary Period to the present day
Possible causes of climate change
- natural factors; orbital changes, volcanic activity & solar output
- human factors; use of fossil fuels, agriculture & deforestation
Overview of the effects of climate change on people and the environment.