1. Verbs
They’re what you do!

2. Verbs A verb expresses an action, a condition or a state of being.
There are two main types of verbs: action verbs, and linking verbs.

3. Action Verbs Action verbs express either a physical or mental action.
Examples:
The band marches onto the field. (physical)
The audience expects a great performance. (mental)

4. Linking Verbs
A linking verb connects the subject to a word or word group that identifies or describes the subject.
The most commonly used linking verbs are forms of the verb to be. (be, being, am, is, are, was, were)
Examples:
The instruments are safe in the bus.
The students seemed bored on the long trip.

5. Auxiliary Verbs
Often referred to as helping verbs, auxiliary verbs help the main verb express action or a state of being.
A verb phrase consists of at least one main verb and one or more auxiliary or helping verbs.
Examples:
The stadium is filled to capacity.
We should save a seat for Jeff.

6. Practice All sounds are simply vibrations.
Place your hand on your throat as you speak.
Can you feel the vibrations?
Vibrations travel through the air as invisible sound waves.
Nerve endings in your inner ear sense the vibrations, which are sent to your brain as electrical signals.

7. Principal Parts of Verbs
The four basic forms of a verb are called the principal parts of the verb.
The four principal parts of a verb are the:
Base form ask
Present Participle asking
Past asked
Past Participle (have) asked

8. Forming the Principal Parts of Verbs
Normally, you add –ing to the base form of a verb to make the present participle.
Likewise, you add –ed to the base form of a verb to make the past form. (Note: If the verb ends with a vowel, you may have to drop it before adding –ing or --ed.)
To form the past participle, usually, you simply add the word have in front of the past form of the verb.

9. Irregular Verbs
An irregular verb forms its past and past participle in some other way than by adding –d or –ed.
An irregular verbs forms its past and past participle in one of these ways:
Changing consonants
Changing vowels
Changing vowels and consonants
Making no change at all

10. Sample Irregular Verbs
Base Form
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
become
(is) becoming
became
(have) become
bring
(is) bringing
brought
(have) brought
know
(is) knowing
knew
(have) known
swim
(is) swimming
swam
(have) swum

11. Tense
The tense of a verb indicates the time of the action or state of being expressed by the verb.
English verbs have six tenses:
Past Perfect- an action or condition in the past preceded another past action or condition
Past- an action or condition occurred in the past
Present Perfect- was completed at one or more indefinite times in the past
Present- shows that an action or condition occurs regularly and is generally true, or is occurring in the present
Future Perfect- shows that a condition or action in the future will precede another future action or condition
Future- shows that an action or condition will occur in the future

12. Simple Tenses Tense Singular Plural Present travel/ travels travel
Past
traveled
Future
will travel

13. Perfect Tenses Tense Singular Plural Present Perfect
have/ has traveled
have traveled
Past Perfect
had traveled
Future Perfect
will have traveled

14. Progressive Tense
The progressive form of a verb expresses an event in progress.
Each tense has a progressive form, made by using the corresponding tense of the verb be with the present participle.
Examples:
I am reading this horror story.
A groups of friends were camping the woods.
An escaped convict had been hiding in a nearby cabin.

15. Progressive Tense Tense Singular Plural Present Progressive
is/am studying
are studying
Past Progressive
was studying
were studying
Future Progressive
will be studying

16. Perfect Progressive Tense Singular Plural Present perfect progressive
has/have been hoping
have been hoping
Past perfect progressive
had been hoping
Future perfect progressive
will have been hoping

17. Practice Name the tense of the underlined verb in each sentence.
Mason is taking algebra this semester. ____________________
Sarah had already read the novel. _________________________
Jeremy has been studying for his exam all week. ______________
Janae was here yesterday.
I was reading when you called. _________________

18. Subject-Verb Agreement
A verb should agree in number with its subject.
Singular subjects take singular verbs.
He washes the dishes.
Plural subjects take plural verbs.
A girl in my neighborhood plays in the band.
The number of the subject usually is not determined by a word in a phrase or clause following the subject.
The apartments across the street do not have balconies.

19. Tip Unlike most nouns, the plural form of verbs does not end in –s.
Singular verbs only end in –s when in the 3rd person form.

20. Verbs
They’re what you do!