1. INTERNATIONAL PROJECT : FOOD SECURITY AND MARKET
In partnership with the University of Washington and the University of Macerata
Under the direction of Mrs DEL CONT
Claire BARRAU
Jil MORIN
Kharis OLONAMUNGU MIHIGO
Loëzic SERPETTE
Master 2 Droit du Marché

2. General presentation of our Master degree : Market law
Common courses : competition law, European consumer law, market law...
Competition and consumption law specialization
Restrictives practices
States aids
Procedural competition law
International market law …
Food law specialization
European food law
Product law (labeling)
CAP (Common Agricultural Policy)
Competition rules and agricultural market …

3. PERSONAL PRESENTATION
Academic background :
Bachelor
Master
Work experience
Internship
Professional project

4. WORK METHOD Individual and general research Brainstorming
General orientation and problematic choice:
Content decision
Sources : legal documents, manuals, reports, doctrinal
Difficulties :
Triage of informations
Delimited of the subject
Lack of sources

5. JUSTIFICATION OF OUR PROBLEMATIC CHOICE
Degree specialization
Documentary researches
European and international market law studies
A lot of informations, programs, actions from European Union

6. THE TWO MAINS THEMATICS
TITLE 1 : The action by European Union in the field of food law
→ Intra community policy and international policy
TITLE 2 : International action on food aid
→ Link between international trade and food aid

7. WHAT IS THE ROLE AND THE IMPACT OF EU POLICY ON SAFETY FOOD ?

8. CONTENT TITLE 1: THE ACTION BY EUROPEAN UNION IN THE FIELD OF FOOD LAW
CHAPITRE 1 : Food security in the European Union
I- FEAD (Fund for European Aid to the Most Deprived)
II- Application by the Members States
CHAPITRE 2 : EU contribution to world food security
I- Development cooperation policy
II- Food aid
TITLE 2 : INTERNATIONAL ACTION ON FOOD AID
CHAPITRE 1 : International policy
I- International trade and food aid
II- Action in United Nation in food aid
CHAPITRE 2 : The challenges of tomorrow
I- Potential prospect of improving
II- Improvements within the European Union

9. TITLE 1 : THE ACTION BY EUROPEAN UNION IN THE FIELD OF FOOD AID

10. Chapter 1 : Food security in the European Union

11. Understanding of the European Food Aid System
FEAD
PEAD
Establishment of FEAD in 2014
FEAD contributes to the objective of the Europe 2020 strategy
€ 3.8 billion program for the period
It is helping 18 million people
Foodstuffs are given free of charge
It’s financed at 15% by the States themselves, while the remaining 85% will be financed by the Community level
Established in 1987 at EU level
Goals :
Provide assistance to the most deprived persons
Reduce intervention stocks resulting from the CAP
Decrease in agricultural stocks
The European Commission grants an envelope to the States to allow the direct purchase of foodstuffs.
Crisis:
the opposition from some of Member States
CJEU in 2011 : Distortion of the program
the questioning of food aid

12. France has chosen to devote this envelope exclusively to food aid
Member States must submit to the Commission an Operational Program (OP) I and / or an OP II
499 million euros were reserved for France for the period This amount is supplemented, to contribution of 15% by national credits
France has chosen to devote this envelope exclusively to food aid
EU food aid represents 28% of the total volume of food distributed on the national territory by the partner organizations
Partnership with :
the French Red Cross
the French Federation of Food Banks
the Restaurants du cœur
the Secours populaire

13. Chapter 2 : UE contribution to world food security

14. Development & cooperation
Development and humanitarian aid policies : low-incomes and least developed countries
Development & cooperation
Humanitarian aid
Aim : eradicate poverty
€6 billion/ year (+ €45 billon from Members States)
Link : UN’s 8 Millennium Development Goals
Major place : eradicating extreme poverty and hunger
European Development Fund
The European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection department (ECHO)
40% food and nutrition

15. TITLE 2 : INTERNATIONAL ACTION ON FOOD AID

16. Chapter 1 : International policy

17. Trade and food aid
International trade law regulates competition from distortion
Three general principle: art 9 and 10 (Agreement on Agriculture)
aid not linked directly nor indirectly to exports
transactions respects FAO principles
aid should be in form of grants or in favorable terms

18. Concepts of food aids Humanitarian food aid Tool for market regulation
principle; dissociation of aid from the management of agricultural surplus
triangular transaction
No direct aid transfer
depends on the real need of beneficiaries
Tool for market regulation
aid directly linked on production surplus
objective: to reduce stocks and limit price pressure
direct aid transfer and export credit

19. Disagreement in the WTO
Intellectual property rights
Little litigation
USA and EU (reduce exports credit; reduce export subsidies
Nigeria and Japan
Limits
long and expensive process at DSB
no interest for some countries
MOs and risk of contamination
dependance of the beneficiary countries
Preferential agreement
EU and ACP: triangular transaction
strategies : food security policies, funds for research in agriculture

20. International agreement in matter
UN action in food aid
International agreements
Resolution of general assembly: 3348 (XXIX)
FAO
principles on disposal of surplus
code of conduct for donors
consultative subcommittee on surplus disposal (CSSD)
London agreement:
food aid convention (1999)
depend on real need of receiver
not limited on cereal
triangular transaction
International grains agreements
frame for international cooperation
special transaction (art 5.2)
favorables conditions art 6

21. Chapter 2 : The challenges of tomorrow

22. At the international level
What are the challenges?
The facts : the increase in ocean volume + the increasing urbanisation result in the amount of land available which is reduced.
At the same time the world’s population is constantly increasing → We will have to feed 9 billion persons from now to 2050
But is this achievable ? The answer is Yes!
We have to make better use of our resources because:
there are untapped cultivable land (in Central Africa and South America);
intensive farming has its limitations;
we waste a lot of foodstuffs
The international proposed solutions:
The United Nations Millennium Declaration in 2000 : 8 Millennium Development Goals must be achieved for the year 2015.
2016: Sustainable Development Program for 2030 → 17 goals to achieve, including reduce extreme poverty and hunger in the world.
How to do that ? The concrete proposal for sustainable farming
It’s a production system environmentally friendly
The FAO called for a better coordination between forestry and agriculture because the forest has a crucial role to play in sustainable agriculture

23. At the European Union level
To effectively coordinate policy instruments
The European Commission should accentuate cooperation with actors and partners of food safety. For instance : to assist in the implementation of the rural development policy in the member of the EU in the context of the common agricultural policy (CAP).
Plus, the EU has to make effective use of current policies, for example policies against food waste. It is necessary to :
draw up a clear plan of action for the years to come by giving a precise definition of food waste;
harmonize the different types of policies;
identify legals barriers of food donation and encourage this initiative
To reinforce the differents strategies
to improve the development of sustainable agriculture. For example, to inform small farmers in a targeted manner to make progress
to accentuate the fight against malnutrition considering all other factors that influence on it like poverty, low incomes, access to education, to drinking water, to care…
The actions to undertake specifically inside the EU:
to facilitate the free trade in all the members of the EU
to provide an information on food products and on animal welfare for consumers → we must be able to trace the source of foodstuffs

24. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!