1. Greek and Roman Influence on American Government

2. Plato
Plato was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world

3. Aristotle
Ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, one of the greatest intellectual figures of Western history. As a prolific writer and polymath, Aristotle radic ally transformed most, if not all, areas of knowledge he touched.

4. Polybius
Polybius (c. 200 – c. 118 BC) was a Greek historian of the Hellenistic period noted for his work, The Histories, which covered the period of 264–146 BC in detail. The work describes the rise of the Roman Republic to the status of dominance in the ancient Mediterranean world.

5. Definitions of the Roman Republic
Magistrate: The Roman magistrates were elected officials of the Roman Republic. Each Roman magistrate was vested with a degree of power.
Consuls: A consul was the highest elected magistrate of the Roman Republic, and the consulship was considered the highest level of the cursus honorum (an ascending sequence of public offices to which politicians aspired). Each year, two consuls were elected together, to serve for a one- year term.
Praetor: each of two ancient Roman magistrates ranking below consul.
Censor: The censor was an officer in ancient Rome who was responsible for maintaining the census, supervising public morality, and overseeing certain aspects of the government's finances.
Quaestor: was a public official in Ancient Rome. In the Roman Kingdom, quaestores parricidii (quaestors with judicial powers) were appointed by the king to investigate and handle murders.

6. Definitions for the Roman Republic
Aedile: either of two (later four) Roman magistrates responsible for public buildings and originally also for the public games and the supply of grain to the city.
Curule Aediles were elected by the Tribal Assembly, usually while under the presidency of a Roman Consul. Since the Plebeian Aediles were elected by the Plebeians (commoners), rather than by all of the People of Rome, they were not technically magistrates.
Plebian: "of or characteristic of the lower class, from Latin plebeius "belonging to the plebs," earlier plebes, "the populace, the common people.”