1. Golden Age of Athens & the Peloponnesian War

2. Athens: Where Did We Leave Off?
Greek city-states had just won a victory against the mighty Persian Empire
Greek city-states had worked together for the first time
Athens won great victories at Marathon and Salamis
Sparta helped by sacrificing themselves at the Thermopylae

3. Delian League
478BC: Athens feared another attack from Persia and decided to prepare by forming a league of allied city-states that would work together if Persia came back
Called the Delian League after the island where it had it treasury or bank

4. What Did the Delian League Do?
Promised to defend the city-states who were members
Worked to drive Persian out of Greek territories in Asia Minor

5. How Did it Work?
Every city-state contributed soldiers and money to help the cause
As time went on, Athens started to collect tribute or taxes from the members and used the money to strengthen its own military
Smaller city-states had no choice: either pay or be left undefended
Athens also used Delain League money to rebuild Athens after the Persian Wars

6. Pericles
Athenian general who has elected as a political leader for more than 30 years from 461 BCE to 429 BCE
Rebuilt Athens after the Persian Wars
Expanded Democracy
Allowed lower class people to run for office
Paid officeholders which allowed poorer people to afford to run for office

7. Parthenon The Parthenon was built during this time
Temple in Athens for the goddess Athena
One of the greatest architectural achievements of Ancient Greece
Still standing (in ruins) today!

9. Agora Downtown market place and business district
Full of temples, stoas, and government buildings

10. Stoa Covered walkway with columns that house market stalls and stores
Similar to an outdoor mall

11. Pnyx Hill

12. Pnyx Hill
Meeting place of the Assembly

13. Theatre of Dionysus

14. Theatre of Dionysus
Where plays were performed in the city

15. Acropolis

16. Acropolis Means “high city”
Home of the grand temple to Athens: the Parthenon
Also has many other temples and alters

17. Legend
Athena and Poseidon competed to be the patron god of Athens by providing gifts to the people of the city on the Acropolis
Legend says Poseidon lifted his trident and struck the earth with it. At the point where the spear struck, a spring burst out producing a sea
The people loved it but as they went closer to taste the water, to their dismay the water was salty.
Athena quietly knelt and buried something in the ground which in time grew into an olive tree. This turned out to be a much more useful gift, granting the Athenians, not only the olives for food, but also a source of oil for their lamps and for cooking their food as well as the wood from the olive tree to build their boasts and houses.
Clearly Athena's gift was deemed by far the better she was declared the goddess of the city

18. Parthenon
Built during Pericles’ rule & the Athenian Golden Age with money from the Delian League Treasury
Sculptor Phidias was in charge of all of the temple’s sculpture

19. Entasis
As you get further away from a building, your eyes naturally think straight lines look curved
Entasis: slightly curved lines in architecture to create an optical allusion from far away of perfectly straight lines

20. Sculpture Terms

21. Phidias
Athena Parthenos statue

22. Frieze

23. Metopes

24. Theatre of Dionysus

25. Peloponnesian League
Sparta creates its own alliance called the Peloponnesian League
Why do you think it was given this name?
What do you notice about the location of the two leagues?

26. Cause of the War
Sparta did not want Athens to become to rich or powerful
431 BCE War starts
404 BCE war ends

27. War Strategy
Athens had the better navy and wanted to fight sea battles
Sparta had the better army and wanted to fight land battles
Pericles decided not to start a land battle with Sparta and instead let the Spartans come to Athens
Spartans started a siege of Athens, surrounding the city and trying to starve out the Athenians

28. War Strategy
Athenian navy delivered supplies to the Athenian port city of Piraeus so they could survive

29. Disease
A deadly disease spread through Athens in the second year of the war, killing Pericles
Athens continued to fight for another 25 years

30. Sparta Makes a Deal
205 BCE Sparta allies with Persia to get money to build a navy
Sparta won several battles and finally Athens surrendered
Sparta broke up the Athenian Empire

31. War Effects Greek city-states will never partner up again
Ends the Athenian Golden Age
Huge losses in land and people
Weakens all city-states