1. Cold War
Domain 4
Part IV

2. Red Dot Black Dot KEEP YOUR DOT YOUR HIDDEN!!!!
Get up and move around – talk to the people around you, build small-medium-large groups
Your objective: have as big a group as you can have with ONLY black dots
If you are a red dot, get into as big a group of black dots as you can without them knowing what color you are

3. Opener Following WWII what was America afraid of?
What was America trying to “contain”?
List things that you already know about the Cold War.

4. Competition with USSR The Cold War
We built an atomic bomb
Then they built one of their own
Harry S. Truman used the United Nations (UN) to gain allies and trade partnerships
Joseph Stalin would do the same
US wanted to rebuild European governments and put Germany together
USSR wanted to control Eastern Europe (buffer) and divide East & West Germany
US created their first peacetime alliance (NATO) for military support between US and 11 Western European nations
USSR created their own alliance set as well (Warsaw Pact) 20

5. USA vs USSR

6. NATO vs Warsaw Pact 20

8. Duck and Cover Drill
-How will ducking under a desk help and protect you from an atomic bomb?

9. McCarthyism
Senator Joseph McCarthy (Wisconsin) brought the issue of anti-communism to America’s front pages and living rooms
Stirs up a whirlwind fever – claiming to have a list of 57 (no 81, no 205!) communists working in the US State Department
Accused Democrats of being soft on communism
20b

10. How was McCarthyism similar to the Salem Witch Trials?
20b

11. 20b

12. Truman Integrates the Military
In 1948 ordered integration of armed forces and an end of discrimination in government hiring practices
Could this kind of move cost Harry Truman his hopes of reelection in 1948?
20a

14. Truman Doctrine
US financial aid would help to contain communism where it was and prevent it from spreading to democracies the US supported.
20a

15. 20a

16. Marshall Plan Named after Secretary of State George Marshall
16 countries – four years - $13 billion in aid
Chaotic Western European nations needed reconstruction
Economic aid given to western Europe after WWII to help rebuild.
Combat the spread of communism
20a

17. 20a

18. 20a

19. Korea Chinese Civil War 20b When 1927-1949 Who
Chiang Kai-Shek (Nationalist)
Mao Zedong (Communist)
Who won/Outcome
China becomes communist
President
Truman
What did the US do?
Nothing
When
Who
North Korea
South Korea
Who won/Outcome
No one. Stalemate 38th parallel
President
Truman and Eisenhower
What did the US do?
Supported South Korea
20b

20. Vietnam Cuba 20c,d When 1962 Who Cuba Soviet Union US What
Soviet missiles in Cuba aimed at America
Communist take over in Cuba (Fidel Castro)
What did US do?
Invaded Cuba (Bay of Pigs). Failed CIA operations. US trained Cuban exiles
Who won/Outcome
Ended with a cease fire and nuclear weapons ban by USSR and US
Cuba became Communist
When
Who
North Vietnam (Vietcong)
South Vietnam
United States
Who Won/Outcome
North Vietnam
Many Americans died or Pulled-out of the war
People in America started to hate the war and protest Anti- Vietnam war
President
Eisenhower
Kennedy
Johnson
Nixon
What did the US do?
Helped out South Vietnam
20c,d

21. “Losing” China China was in a civil war in the 1940s
(US supported) Nationalists vs. Communists
Mao Zedong gathered support among Chinese rural peasants to take control of communist China
America is not willing to go to a military solution over China – they’re too big and the USSR might get involved
Is China a communist country today?
20b

22. 20b

23. Korean War
In 1950, communist North Korean forces flooded over the 38th parallel into democratic South Korea (whom the US was supposed to protect)
The war ended in a stalemate – as the 38th parallel remained the border
54,000 Americans died in Korea
America spent $67 billion
What are America’s gains and losses from the Korean war?
20b

24. Korean War
20b

25. 20b

26. the Cuban Revolution
1956
Fidel Castro led communist revolution for control over Cuba, promising an end to inequality, poverty and dictatorship
Relations with the US got worse, but JFK’s new foreign policy when something didn’t go our way was “flexible response”
20c

27. The Bay of Pigs invasion
The CIA trained over 1,000 Cuban exiles to lead invasion of Cuban Bay of Pigs that would lead to overthrow of Castro’s government
Nothing went as planned and the US army-led invasion was a giant embarrassment and failure
The US had to pay $53 million in supplies for the release of the captured forces
Cuba turned to the Soviet Union for more “communist big brother” support
20c

28. Bay of Pigs
20c

29. the Cuban missile crisis 1962
October 14: US planes take photos of Soviet missiles in Cuba – placed there by the USSR to keep America out in the future
October 22: Kennedy informs America of danger in Cuba, intent to limit buildup
October 24: Kennedy starts naval blockade of Cuba
October 25: Soviet Union ships stopped at blockade
October 28: Khrushchev (USSR) vows to pull missiles out of Cuba to avoid bigger conflict
US had to take missiles out of Turkey as well
20c

30. 20c

31. describing the Vietnam War
1953: Eisenhower explains DOMINO THEORY and how US cannot let another nation fall to communism
Vietcong will resist US within South Vietnam
JFK, afraid to be labeled “soft” on communism, continues US involvement in Vietnam
After USS Maddox fired upon, Congress passes Tonkin Gulf Resolution gives wide war-power to LBJ
20d

32. Vietnam War
20d

33. Vietnam War
20d

34. U.S. Troop levels escalate…
1963: 16,000 (JFK)
1964: 50,000 (LBJ)
1965: 180,000 (LBJ)
1966: 385,000 (LBJ)
1967: 500,000 (LBJ)
1968: 542,000 (LBJ)
1969: 480,000 (Nixon)
1970: 225,000 (Nixon)
1971: 160,000 (Nixon)
1972: 10,000 (Nixon)
20d

35. A Difficult War to fight
Elusive/Unclear/Determined Enemy
Vietcong were fighting a hundred-year-old war for their survival
Impossible Terrain
jungles, heat, bugs, rain, traps, hiding Vietcong
3.5 million landmines still in Vietnam today
Guerilla Warfare
War of Attrition
Chemical Warfare
Sinking Troop Morale
20d

36. the Tet offensive TET OFFENSIVE – January 1968
Tet holiday ceasefire (Vietnamese New Year)
Vietcong ignore ceasefire and attack 100 towns
Vietcong lose 32,000 (ARVN/US lose 3,000), - before Tet: 28% doves, 56% hawks
- after Tet: 40% doves, 40% hawks
20d

37. The “Living room war”
20d

38. growing opposition to the war
Most soldiers DRAFTED
African American Soldiers
10% of forces, 20% of death toll (??)
20d

39. growing opposition to the war
Kent State Shooting
growing opposition to the war
The New Left (protest leadership)
SDS & FSM
student groups rage against “the machine”
seek to increase youth voice in government
Kent State & Jackson State
Violence erupts, people die
20d

40. growing opposition to the war
Opposition turns to protest and resistance
DOVES vs. HAWKS
protesters were unpopular
(70% believed it was un-American to protest war)
20d