1. Ancient Greece Cultures of the Mountains and Sea
Mr. Stowinsky
World History

2. Mycenaean Civilization Develops
The Minoans settled on the island of Crete, off the coast of Greece
The Mycenaeans settled on the mainland
The two civilizations met, and the Mycenaeans adopted much of Minoan culture, including sea travel, art, writing, and religion

3. Geography Shapes Greek Life
Greece was not a united country but many city-states separated by sea and mountains
Greeks became master sailors and traveled mostly over water
Most land was rocky and not good for farming
Warmer climate meant Greeks had mostly outdoor lives

5. Greek Culture Declines Under the Dorians
Dorians spoke a dialect of Greek and were less advanced
Did not have writing
Learned history through spoken word
Epic – narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds
Homer created The Iliad and The Odyssey
Myths – traditional stories

6. Section 2 Warring City-States
Polis – a city and its surrounding countryside
Acropolis – fortified hilltop
Monarchy – ruled by a single ruler
Aristocracy – ruled by a small group of noble, landowning families
Oligarchy – Ruled by a few powerful people
Tyrant – People who seized control of the government by appealing to the common people for support

7. Athens Builds a Limited Democracy
Democracy – rule by the people
Draco – all Athenians, rich or poor, were equal Also had harsh criminal punishments and debt slavery
Solon – outlawed debt slavery Made 4 social classes
Cleisthenes – let citizens submit laws and vote on them
Only landowning males could be citizens

8. Sparta Builds a Military State
Very militarized society
Men joined the army at age 7 and could not leave until age 60
Tough life – slept on hard benches with no blankets, trained in all weather, fed little food
Women were equal

9. The Persian Wars Greeks had iron weapons and armor
Phalanx – army formation where soldiers stand side to side holding spears and shields in their hands
Persia tried to invade Athens and were defeated at the fields of Marathon
Persia then tried to invade Sparta

10. THIS… IS… SPARTAAAAAAAAAAA!!!!!!!1one

11. The Spartans and other Greeks held the Persians back so they could not advance
While other Greeks retreated, all 300 Spartans remained – and all died
The Persians were eventually defeated and left Greece
Athens became the head city-state and began conquering other Greek city-states

12. Section 3 - Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age
“Golden Age” lasted only about 50 years
Pericles strengthened democracy by making government jobs paid jobs so poorer citizens could hold public office
Direct democracy – citizens rule directly, not through representatives

13. Arts & History
Art, especially sculpture, greatly improved at this time
Tragedy – serious drama with a tragic or unhappy ending
Comedy – humorous plays or plays with a happy ending
History is first recorded accurately, as it actually happened

14. Peloponnesian War Athens vs Sparta Athens – stronger navy
Sparta – stronger army
Sparta eventually defeats Athens, Greek democracy collapses and Athens’ empire fails

15. Section 4 - Alexander’s Empire
Macedonia was north of Greece and wanted to be part of Greece
Philip II invaded and conquered Greece, was murdered at his daughter’s wedding
Alexander, Philip II’s son, become king of Macedonia

16. Alexander invaded Persia and broke through Persia’s defenses, King Darius III of Persia ran away
Darius III offered Alexander half of Persia. Alexander refused and continued to fight until he conquered the entire empire
After conquering Persia, Alexander conquered Egypt and attempted to conquer India
After returning home, he got sick and died at age 32
His empire was broken into 3 parts by his generals – Egypt, Macedonia/Greece, and Persia