1. Topic 4-6 The Spanish-American War

2. Objectives Explain the causes of the Spanish- American War.
Identify the major battles of the Spanish-American War.
Describe the consequences of the war, including the debate over imperialism.
Examine the causes and consequences of the Philippine insurrection.

3. Causes of the War
By 1897, American businesses invested $50 million in Cuban sugar/other businesses
Potential for new American markets!
Cubans rebelled against the Spanish rule
1895 Cuban Jose Marti launched war for independence
Used guerrilla tactics
Spanish responded with reconcentration camps (starve the population into submission)
Americans favored the Cubans

4. Causes of the war Yellow Press
William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer
Published sensational headlines and pictures
Exaggerated the truth to get more people to buy newspapers
McKinley threatened intervention if Spain didn’t reform
De Lome letter: Spanish ambassador’s letter was stolen and published in Hearst’s newspaper
Called McKinley stupid and weak!
Jingoism: aggressive nationalism!

6. Causes of the war
USS Maine sent to Havana harbor to protect American citizens/property
The Maine blew up
266 Americans killed
Yellow Press accused Spain of a land mine
“Remember the Maine!”
Nation at war
War fever across the nation
Spain tried to make concessions, but war declared April 1898
Teller Amendment
Government would NOT annex Cuba

9. American Troops Battle Spanish
George Dewey
Led navy into the Spanish-held Philippines
Quickly destroyed Spanish fleet
US army worked with Filipino freedom fighter Emilio Aguinaldo
U.S. in Cuba
US strategy led by General William R. Shafter
June 1898, captured Guantanamo Bay
Troops not prepared for battle
Rough Riders-T. Roosevelt
After battle of San Juan Hill-Spanish surrendered

16. Effects of War Treaty of Paris Dec. 1898 officially ended war
Spain gave up Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam
Sold Philippines for $20 million to U.S.
Debate Imperialism
What should US do with the Philippines?
Pro-Imperialists: markets/business, Social Darwinism, educate Filipinos
Anti-Imperialists (WJ Bryan, Mark Twain): disloyal to independence idealism, hurt American workers
War marked turning point in U.S. foreign policy (military and economic power)
Strong navy; increase in jingoism

18. Filipinos Rebel Against U.S. Rule
Emilio Aguinaldo organized an insurrection against U.S. rule (Philippine American War)
Guerrilla warfare
U.S. used concentration camps, mass killings
Aguinaldo killed; 5,000 Americans/200,000 Filipinos killed
William H. Taft became governor of the Philippines
Censored press, dissidents in jail
Built schools, roads and bridges
Jones Act-Philippines would gain independence

21. Activity Search for Missing Bride Continues
Bride Missing! Groom’s Family Blame History of Mental Illness