1. Fish Anatomy & Physiology
By: Karmyn Ruiz.
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2. Fish Anatomy & Physiology
Fins are appendages used by the fish to maintain its position move, steer, and stop.
Anal fins are on the lower side of the body near the tail that lends stability in swimming.
Pectoral fins are paired fins on either side of the body that allow the fish to move side to side.

3. Fish Anatomy & Physiology
Bony Fish Example:
Caudal fin is the main propelling fin.
Pelvic fin is the pair fins on the lower side of the body, near the head.
The first dorsal finis the hardest fin on the side of the body.
The second dorsal fin is the softer fin on the upper side of the body.

4. Fish Anatomy & Physiology
The eyes on a fish are the side organs located on the head.
Vision under water gives fish a small amount of light available in all but the uppermost layers of water.
Nostrils in fish are used to detect odors in water.
Fish use their smell rather than sight to locate food.

5. Fish Anatomy & Physiology
Bony Fish Example:
The mouth of a fish is what fish use to catch their food.
Fish have a sense of taste and may sample items to taste them before swallowing if they are not obvious prey items.
Fish may or may not have teeth.

6. Fish Anatomy & Physiology
Inferior
Mouth placement
Superior

7. Fish Anatomy & Physiology
Fish anatomy is the study of the form or morphology of fishes.
Fish physiology is the study of how the component parts of fish function together in the living fish.

8. Scale Types
Placoid
Ganoid
Cycloid
Ctenoid

9. Placoid Placoid: Sharks and Rays have placoid scales.
Placoid scales are tough scales that cover the skin of elasmobranchs (sharks and Rays)
Placoid scales are packed tightly together and grow with their tips facing backwards.

10. Placoid
The function of these scales is to protect the shark and rays from their predators.

11. Ganoid
Ganoid scales are usually rhomboid in shape and have articulating peg and socket between them.
Ganoid scales are found in fishes such as bowfin, paddlefish, gar, and sturgeon.

12. Ganoid
Ganoid scales have a hard outer layer that is cosminelike layer and then a vascular bony layer

13. Cycloid
Cycloid scales have a smooth outer edge and are found in soft rayed fish.
Mostly in bony fishes.
Cycloid scales exhibit a smoothly rounded posterior edge.

14. Ctenoid
Ctenoid scales consiste of a rigid surface layer primarily composed of calcium based salt and a fibrous inner layer that is mainly made of collagen.

15. Ctenoid