2. Push factors versus pull factors
Forced military service, rigid social/economic systems, religious persecution, famine
Lots of available jobs in the USA, democracy, fluid social/economic structures
Why did immigrants leave their homes to move to the USA?

3. 1900: ½ of immigrants were from Europe
Atlantic Voyage
Steerage: cheapest option on bottom of the boat
Ellis Island in New York City
Moved into ethnic neighborhoods
Why did immigrants leave their homes to move to the USA?

4. Asian immigrants China
Mid-1800s: overpopulated, underemployed, severe famine
Gold rush in California
Taping Rebellion left 20+ million dead
Jobs on the transcontinental railroad
Japan
Industrialization disrupted economy and left many unemployed
Angel Island in San Francisco
Why did immigrants leave their homes to move to the USA?

5. Nativism: native-born people & limiting immigration
Fear of losing dominant religion
Fear of cheapening American labor
Government policies to limit immigration
Bans on convicts, poor, and disabled
50 cent tax per immigrant
Chinese Exclusion Act
How were immigrants treated when they arrived in the USA?

6. Urban population tripled between 1870-1900 Reasons to live in cities
Cheaper, more jobs, better standard of living, and entertainment
How did growing populations impact cities?

7. Growth of the modern city Shortage of land
Build up, not out = skyscrapers
Mass transit
Horsecars, cable cars, subways
Lack of infrastructure
Improper sewage and waste disposal
Increase in crime
More fires
How did growing populations impact cities?

8. Built huge structures in inner cities Middle class
Upper class
Built huge structures in inner cities
Middle class
Moved away from city centers to suburbs
Working class
3 out of 4 lived in tenement apartments
How did economic classes affect cities?

9. Working Americans had free time for the first time
Art and literature
Realism: Everyday, common values
Saloons served as political centers
Amusement parks—Coney Island
Sports
Boxing, baseball, and football
Vaudeville theater with dancers, animals, acrobats
What kind of entertainment was available in cities?