1. Injury Prevention & Safety
Are you prepared for an emergency???

2. Victim Assessment Tap or jar the victim and ask, “Are you ok?”
Position the victim face up
Clear the Airway
Check for Breathing
Check for Circulation

3. Victim Assessment Check for Breathing Open the airway
Push on forehead and lift chin
Look at the chest rise and fall
Listen for breathing
Feel for breathing with your cheek

4. Respiratory Emergencies: Choking
Obstructed airway
Universal Distress Signal
Clutch the throat with both hands

5. Respiratory Emergencies: Choking
If coughing
encourage them to cough
Heimlich Maneuver
Abdominal Thrusts
inward and upward thrusts in the abdomen

6. Respiratory Emergencies: CPR Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
Restores breathing and circulation (heartbeat)
Causes include:
Suffocation, drowning, and electrical shock
Consists of Compressions and Breaths

7. Respiratory Emergencies: Rescue Breathing
Breathing air into an unconscious person who is not breathing.
Also called Artificial Respiration
Adults—1 breath every 5 seconds (20 per minute)

8. Respiratory Emergencies: Rescue Breathing
Technique:
Tilt the head and check for breathing and circulation
Pinch nose and breath deep breaths into the unconscious person
Continue for 1 minute and then assess the victim again

9. Poisoning
Poisons are substances that can cause illness or death when they enter the body
Examples:
Fertilizer, pesticide, some plants, cleaning supplies
Signs of poisoning include:
Sweating
Abdominal pain
Nausea and vomiting
Chest pain
Difficulty breathing
Seizures
Skin rash or burns
Unconsciousness

10. Poisoning Inhaled, Ingested, Touched Check A, B, C’s
Call Poison Control
Wash infected area
Save container or poison to help identifying remedy

11. Shock Shock is a dangerous reduction in blood flow
Results from an injury or illness
Life-threatening emergency
Symptoms include:
Bluish lips or fingernails
Chest pain
Cool, clammy skin
Pale
Confusion
Dizziness, faintness, weakness
Sweating
Shallow breathing
Unconsciousness

12. Shock: Treatment Call 9-1-1 or Emergency Services Check A, B, C’s
Lie the person down and elevate feet (improves circulation)
Treat any additional injuries
Loosen tight clothing
Keep person warm (improves circulation)
Do not give them food or water

13. Fractures Break in a bone Open Fracture - Closed Fracture –
Bone sticks through skin
Closed Fracture –
Skin is not broken

14. Fractures: Treatments
If open—apply pressure to the wound.
Keep the person still. DO NOT move them if you suspect a neck or back injury.
Apply ice to injured area.
If you must move them, apply a splint to the injured area.

15. Bleeding A wound that breaks a layer of skin (blood) Types:
Abrasion – scrape of skin
Puncture – do not bleed a lot but become easily infected
Caused by tacks or pins
Laceration/Incision – deep cuts that bleed freely
Examples: knives or something jagged
Infected wounds occur when wounds are not cleaned properly
Red, swollen, warm, throbbing sensation, painful

16. Bleeding: Treatments Elevate the wound above the heart
Place a clean cloth over the wound and apply pressure. Do not remove cloth when it is blood-soaked, add additional cloths over it
When bleeding slows, cover it with sterile bandage
If it does not stop, apply pressure points

17. Bleeding: Treatments Direct pressure and elevation to a wound
Direct pressure, elevation, and pressure points

18. Burns: First and Second Degree
First Degree Burn
Affects top layer of skin
Red, painful, swollen
Ex: sunburn
Treatment
Soak in cool water
Cover loosely
Second Degree Burn
Affects top two layers of skin
Red, painful, swollen, and blistered
Treatment
Soak in cool water
Apply cool compresses
Cover lightly with gauze

19. Burns: Third Degree Third Degree Burn affects all layers of skin
White, charred, or black and brown
Damages nerves
Treatment
Contact EMS
Move from heat source
DO NOT remove clothing
Monitor A, B, C’s
Cover with moist bandage