1. Bell Ringer

2. Video
“American Dreams: Becoming an American”

3. Life at the Turn of the 20th Century Day 1
Note #10

4. Key Quote
“Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to be free, the wretched refuge of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I will lift my lamp beside the golden door.”
Emma Lazarus – inscribed on the Statue of Liberty 1903

5. The Old Immigrants
10 million immigrants came between 1800 and Known as the old immigrants, they came from Northern and Western Europe.
Most were Protestant Christians, and their cultures were similar to the original settlers. They came for economic opportunity, attracted to the open farm land in the United States.

6. The New Immigrants
From 1880 to 1910, a new wave brought 18 million people to America. Most came from Southern and Eastern Europe.
They were Roman Catholics, Orthodox Christians and Jews. Arabs, Armenians, and French Canadians came as well. Smaller numbers came from East Asia.
The makeup of the American population had changed. By 1910 about 1 in 12 Americans were foreign-born.

7. Limiting Chinese Immigration
Chinese workers were not allowed state jobs, and local governments could ban them from communities or restrict them to certain areas.
The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in 1882, banning Chinese immigration for 10 years. None of the Chinese in the U.S. would be allowed citizenship.
The law was renewed in 1892, and Chinese immigration was banned indefinitely in 1902.

8. Other Limits to Immigration
The Japanese
Nativists also resented the Japanese. Japanese students in San Francisco were segregated from other children.
Theodore Roosevelt negotiated a Gentlemen’s Agreement with Japan.
No unskilled workers from Japan, and in return Japanese children could attend schools with other children.

9. Nativists opposed immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe.
They claimed these folks were poor, illiterate, and non-Protestant and could not blend into American society.
They called for a literacy test to see if test takers could read English.
The Literacy Test Act was passed in 1917, over President Wilson’s veto.

11. Primary Source
Read the Chinese Exclusion Act and answer the following:
1. Why was this act passed?
2. How were people punished for bringing Chinese to the United States?
3. How might this act violate the Privacy Act in place today?
4. To whom did this law not apply?
5. How did the act define “Chinese laborers?”

12. Urbanization: What was good about the city?
Skyscrapers and invention of the elevator – Elisha Otis
America’s greatest contribution to architecture was the skyscraper
Electronic transit:
Streetcars, subways
Railroads also in the cities

13. Suspension bridges – Brooklyn Bridge
City planners provided for parks where people could “get away” –
Frederick Law Olmstead- designed Central Park NYC
Factories – provided jobs
Department stores – clothing, cameras, other items
People did not have to work long days on farms

14. Newspapers
With the advent of mass production of paper, newspapers were read more than ever
William Randolph Hearst – told tall tales in his publication to sell papers
Joseph Pulitzer – began publication of a Sunday edition of his paper

17. Mass Migration Problems
Housing
Transportation
Sanitation
Crime
Fire
Clean water

18. Housing – apartment buildings- tenement buildings such as those photographed by Jacob Riis (“How the Other Half Lives”)
Transportation – mass transportation – street cars introduced in San Francisco in 1873; electric subways in Boston by 1897
Sanitation – waste in the street

19. Crime – Police force not very effective; many times were corrupt
Fire – Close proximity of buildings made this more of a problem
Great Chicago Fire in 1871 – said to have been caused by “Mrs. O’Leary’s cow kicking over the lantern” but dry weather and the close proximity made this a huge disaster

20. 1906 – The San Francisco Earthquake – another disaster that killed about 1,000 – 28,000 buildings destroyed by quake and dozens of fires
Water – many times, water unsafe to drink, little or no indoor plumbing

21. Settlement Houses
Reformers like Jane Addams were inspired by people in London who set up settlement houses – places for the disadvantaged – Hull House was established in Chicago
They not only gave them places to stay, but provided training to help them help themselves out of poverty

22. Lillian Wald established the Henry Street Settlement in New York City
Janie Porter Barrett started the first settlement house for African Americans called the Locust Street Social Settlement in Hampton, VA

23. Social Gospel
The term “social gospel” was a ideology held by many workers in settlement housing that religious faith should be expressed through good works
However, this idea was criticized by Social Darwinists that social reform could not help them

24. Review What was the Chinese Exclusion Act and why was it passed?
Why were newspapers so important?
Who was Frederick Law Olmstead and what was his contribution to New York City?
Who was Jane Addams? What was Hull House?

25. Assignment
You have been awarded the job of planning a new city on 75,000 acres. You must:
Have at least 3 parks/20 streets
Define the downtown business district
Label 4 nearby interstate systems
Circle the suburban areas; label 4 shopping centers
Include 2 museum areas; 10 schools
Name all your streets and parks
Must use a ruler and colored pencils