1. Rocks

2. Review
Rock Cycle – the transitions of rock through the three main rock types (sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic)
Sedimentary – rock type formed from layers of rocks, shells, or other materials
Metamorphic – rock that has been changed into new rock by heat or pressure
Igneous – rock formed from melted rock that has cooled

3. Jellybean Video (copy and paste link):

4. Sedimentary Rocks Wind and water break down the earth
Sandstone
Limestone
Conglomerate
Sedimentary Rocks
Gypsum
Shale
Wind and water break down the earth
Bits of earth settle in lakes and rivers
Layers are formed and build up
Pressure and time turn the layers to rock

5. Metamorphic Rocks Gneiss Schist Rocks that have changed
They were once igneous or sedimentary
Pressure and heat changed the rocks

6. Igneous Rocks Fire Rocks Formed underground by trapped, cooled magma
Scoria
Granite
Pumice
Obsidian
Fire Rocks
Formed underground by trapped, cooled magma
Formed above ground when volcanoes erupt and magma cools

7. Fossils – remains, or traces of past life preserved in rock
Weathering – breaking down of rocks to form sediment
Hardness – resistance to being scratched
Luster – how a surface reflects light
Two types: metallic and nonmetallic (glassy, pearly, dull, greasy, etc.)

8. Rock/Mineral Properties
Color
Odor
Texture
Crystallization/Shape
Weight

9. How do rocks form?
How much time does it take to form a rock?
If you squeeze and heat a rock for a few million years, it can turn into a new kind of rock.

10. Where does the heat come from?
When rocks are close enough to the magma to be heated but not close enough to be melted, the rocks can be changed.

11. Where does the pressure come from?
Rocks below the surface are squeezed by the layers above them
Thicker layers = more pressure

12. What makes up the earth?

13. What is the difference between rocks and minerals?
A mineral is a nonliving solid found in nature.
But, aren’t rocks nonliving and found in nature too??
Then what is the difference between a rock and a mineral?

14. Rocks and Minerals Rocks are made up of one or more minerals!!!
The reason why some rocks have more than one color, is because they contain more than one mineral.
Also, some rocks are made of other things, such as sand and pebbles, in addition to minerals.
Geologists use many different property tests to help them to identify rocks/minerals!

15. How do we know the strength of rocks and minerals?
The Mohs Hardness Scale was designed for us to use as a scale to determine the strength of rocks and minerals.

16. Other “mineral tests”
Streak Test – what color does the rock/mineral leave on a streak plate?
Luster Test – how does the rock/mineral reflect light?
Acid Test – how does the rock/mineral react with an acid?