1. Active and Passive Voice

2. Active Voice
The subject of the sentence performs the actions (the verb). The focus is on the doer of the action
The receiver of the action is at the end.
Is direct
Is less wordy, more concise
Uses “active” verbs.
Example: Ms. O dropped her pen on the floor.

3. Passive Voice
The subject is not the one performing the action. The action is being performed upon.
Has the linking verb “to be” which goes along with the main verb, such as be, am, is, was, were, are, had been, etc.
Usually has the verb followed with “by” but not always.
Is more indirect.
More wordy, less concise.
Considered “passive” verbs
Example: The pen was dropped by Ms. O.
Note: Sometimes the one performing the action may be missing and you may need to insert it.

4. Identifying the subject and verb
Are these active or passive? What is the subject in these sentences? Is the subject performing or receiving the action in the following sentences?
The teacher closed the book on her desk.
The football game was won by the varsity players.
The Homecoming dance was attended by several students.
They celebrated their birthday in style.