1. Oft him an-haga are gebideþ Metodes mildse þeah-þe he mod-cearig Geond lagu-lade lange scolde Hreran mid handum hrim-cealde sæ Wadan wræc-lastas. Wyrd biþ ful aræd. Swa cwæþ eard-stapa earfoþa gemyndig Wraþra wael-sleahta wine-maga hryre. Oft ic scolde ana uhtna gehwelce Mine ceare cwiþan nis nu cwicra nan ðe ic him mod-sefan minne durre Sweotule asecgan. Ic to soþe wat ðæt biþ on eorle indryhten þeaw ðæt he his ferhþ-locan fæste binde Healde his hord-cofan hycge swa he wille.

3. L'aventure d'un autre lai, Cum ele avient, vus cunterai: Fait fu d'un mut gentil vassal; En bretans l'apelent Lanval. A Kardoel surjurnot li reis, Artur, le pruz et li curteis, Pur les Escoz e pur les Pis, Que destruieient le païs; En la tere de Loengre entroënt E mut suvent la damagoënt. A la pentecuste en esté I aveit li reis sujurné. Asez i duna riches duns: E as cuntes e as baruns, A ceus de la table roünde-- N'ot tant de teus en tut le munde. Femmes e tere departi, Par tut, fors un qui l'ot servi: Ceo fut Lanval, ne l'en sovient, Ne nul des soens bien ne li tient.

4. The adventure of another lay, Just as it happened, I'll relay: It tells of a very nice nobleman, And it's called Lanval in Breton. King Arthur was staying at Carduel-- That King of valiant and courtly estate-- His borders there he guarded well Against the Pict, against the Scot, Who'd cross into Logres to devastate The countryside often, and a lot. He held court there at Pentecost, The summer feast we call Whitsun, Giving gifts of impressive cost To every count and each baron And all knights of the Round Table. Never elsewhere so many, such able Knights assembled! Women and land He shared out with generous hand To all but one who'd served. Lanval He forgot: no man helped his recall. The opening lines of Lanval in Anglo-Norman

5. 43-ca. 420Roman invasion and occupation of Britain ca. 450Anglo-Saxon Conquest 597St. Augusting arrives in Kent; beginning of Anglo-Saxon conversion to Christianity 871-899Reign of King Alfred 1066Norman Conquest 1154-1189Reign of Henry II ca. 1200Beginnings of Middle English literature 1360-1400Geoffrey Chaucer; Piers Plowman; Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (the Norton Anthologys chronology, p.1)

6. 43-ca. 420Roman invasion and occupation of Britain ca. 450Anglo-Saxon Conquest 597St. Augusting arrives in Kent; beginning of Anglo-Saxon conversion to Christianity 871-899Reign of King Alfred 1066Norman Conquest 1154-1189Reign of Henry II ca. 1200Beginnings of Middle English literature 1360-1400Geoffrey Chaucer; Piers Plowman; Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (the Norton Anthologys chronology, p.1) Beowulf Lanval

7. 43-ca. 420Roman invasion and occupation of Britain ca. 450Anglo-Saxon Conquest 597St. Augusting arrives in Kent; beginning of Anglo-Saxon conversion to Christianity 871-899Reign of King Alfred 1066Norman Conquest 1154-1189Reign of Henry II ca. 1200Beginnings of Middle English literature 1360-1400Geoffrey Chaucer; Piers Plowman; Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (the Norton Anthologys chronology, p.1) Beowulf Lanval

8. England in the 8 th Century

9. The Angevin Empire in the 12 th Century

10. Bayeux Tapestry, Normandy

11. Harold Godwinson becomes King of England (from the Bayeux Tapestry)

12. Halleys comet appears, April 1066 (from the Bayeux Tapestry)

13. The Normans invade England, 1066 (from the Bayeux Tapestry)

14. William the Conqueror at the battle of Hastings, October 1066 (from the Bayeux Tapestry)

15. Death of Harold at Hastings, 1066 (from the Bayeux Tapestry)

17. The Normans invade England The Simpsons invade the Flanders

18. The Tower of London ( the White Tower is in the center)

19. Henry II Plantagenet, King of England 1154-1189

20. The Angevin Empire in the 12 th Century

21. Henry II and Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury

22. Richard I (the Lionhearted), King of England 1189-1199

23. John I, King of England 1199-1216A copy of the Magna Carta

24. Marie de France (later 12 th century)

25. A manuscript of Maries Lais (BN MS Arsenal 3142, early 13 th c.)

26. A fourteenth-century copy of Marie de Frances Yonec (BN MS fr. 24432)

27. L'aventure d'un autre lai, Cum ele avient, vus cunterai: Fait fu d'un mut gentil vassal; En bretans l'apelent Lanval. A Kardoel surjurnot li reis, Artur, le pruz et li curteis, Pur les Escoz e pur les Pis, Que destruieient le païs; En la tere de Loengre entroënt E mut suvent la damagoënt. A la pentecuste en esté I aveit li reis sujurné. Asez i duna riches duns: E as cuntes e as baruns, A ceus de la table roünde-- N'ot tant de teus en tut le munde. Femmes e tere departi, Par tut, fors un qui l'ot servi: Ceo fut Lanval, ne l'en sovient, Ne nul des soens bien ne li tient. The adventure of another lay, Just as it happened, I'll relay: It tells of a very nice nobleman, And it's called Lanval in Breton. King Arthur was staying at Carduel-- That King of valiant and courtly estate-- His borders there he guarded well Against the Pict, against the Scot, Who'd cross into Logres to devastate The countryside often, and a lot. He held court there at Pentecost, The summer feast we call Whitsun, Giving gifts of impressive cost To every count and each baron And all knights of the Round Table. Never elsewhere so many, such able Knights assembled! Women and land He shared out with generous hand To all but one who'd served. Lanval He forgot: no man helped his recall. The opening lines of Lanval in Anglo-Norman