1. Fundamentals of
Rain Water Harvesting

2. Air Pollution

3. Ground Water Pollution

4. What is the need for harvesting rain water ?

5. City Need Shortfall Shortfall % Water in Urban Space …
Municipal water deficit
City
Mumbai
Delhi
Kolkata
Chennai
Banglore
Hyderabad
Need
4000
3830
2258
3000
840
956
Shortfall
1030
880
690
1050
135
186
Shortfall % 25 30 35 16 19

6. City Need Shortfall Shortfall % Water in Urban Space …
Municipal water deficit
City
Indore
Bhopal
Lucknow
Jaipur
Jabalpur
Vaizag
Need
318
335
560
349
239
305
Shortfall
134 70
120
313
94.5
146
Shortfall % 42 21 89 40 48

7. RURAL INDIA IS SCREAMING FOR WATER!
‘Water now precedes roti, kapda, aur makan’
2/3rds of the country has been declared drought prone
90,000 villages declared ‘no source villages’- no source within 7 km radius
Rajendra Singh, Tarun Bharat Sangh

8. Can Bore Wells Help ? June 2004 – Musampally village Nalgonda District
Andhra Pradesh
Population
Land acres
Bore wells
No typing mistake – There are 2 bore wells per person
In this village. More than 85 % never struck water.
Others dried up soon after drilling

9. The Bore Wells and The Big Dams
The Bore wells have worsened the matters
Instead of reducing scarcity, they are increasing it.
We have seen bore wells ft deep and drying
Big dams and diversion canals are making down stream older river courses dry
The Bore Wells and The Big Dams
are the real culprits

10. Ural Sea in Russia
Dried by Agriculture
And Industry

11. ?

12. There is certainly need for doing everything possible for conserving water

13. Where can we learn about water harvesting. What are the basic rules
Where can we learn about water harvesting ? What are the basic rules? The Fundamentals ?

14. Any Degrees, Diplomas ? Foreign Universities ?

15. ?

16. Water Learning Points It is available every where
In the most pure form
It is free
Yet
There is scarcity
There was no water supply department in India till the British Government made one
… Till the British Government had to make one

17. Wise Water Management of our ancestors
Ancient India was Prosperous because of
Ponds and Lakes Made and Managed by People
Thus achieving water security, irrigation, flood control and food security

18. Modified from
Stephen Lemcke, 2002

19. Modified from
Stephen Lemcke, 2002

20. Varuna
Ganga
Modified from
Stephen Lemcke, 2002
Assi

21. Source - Stephen Lemcke, e-mail: slemcke@sai.uni-heidelberg.de

22. Water Learning Points Marine forts have sweet water
Corresponding mainland water is brackish

23. Water Learning Points Hill Forts Have Water
Lower lands may not have water

24. Are these Miracles ? No ! There are rational explanations
Which can be put to good use

25. Water Learning Points Marine forts have sweet water
Fort walls, Temple and surroundings collect rain water that is stored in a huge pond.
Through a well the harvested water is used

26. Jalashayanam Vishnu Temple … Mahabalipuram

27. Note the Rock paved surface
And drain channels as well as
The large rain water retaining
Cistern probably used as
rain gauge

28. Rameshwaram Temple
Note the gaps in
Foundation and the
Sweet water reflecting
the shrine

29. Water Learning Points Hill Forts Have Water
Lower lands may not have water

30. Water Learning Points Hill Forts Have Water
Fortress walls help to hold
micro-water table created by a pond
Wells give the bounty in usable form

31. Nature offers us our most important needs
free of charge
Rain Water is one such thing It is Water – in its purest form
We only need to harvest it

32. WHAT is Rainwater Harvesting?
Activity of capturing the rain and storing it for direct use or recharging into the groundwater.
Simply.. catching rain where it falls and using it. 36

33. What is the need for harvesting rain water ?

34. A natural resource presently wasted Prevents ground water depletion
A good supplement to piped water
Positive cost benefit ratio
Relatively pollution free
Water conservation & self-dependence 38

35. Who can harvest rooftop rainwater?
Any person planning to build a house
An independent plot owner.
Persons in apartments
Industries, Institutions and factories
People who are purchasing water for domestic use
In short, everywhere
……the potential for rainwater harvesting is huge 39

36. How Much One Can harvest Rainwater ?
Vol RWH =A x R x C
A=Area
R= Rainfall in meters
C=Runoff coefficient
An example
A =100 m2
R = 2000 millimeters
C = 0.85
RWH = 1,70,000 litres 40

37. Catchments details: Area, type and nature
Sr.No
Catchment
Area
(sq m)
Collection co-efficient (%) 1.
Roof – flat/slope
80-90 2.
Paved area
Driveway/courtyard, roads
60-70 3
Unpaved area
Lawns, garden, playground
20-30

38. WHAT is Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting?
Collection
Filtration
Storage
Usage
Recharge 42

39. Types of Rain Water Harvesting – 1
Daily Harvesting
Possible in rain forests or areas with prolonged rainy season
Collect daily – Use
Use when available

40. Simplest Rain Water harvesting – Use when available
During Rainy season, Drinking water needs of 35-house village
are met by a simple saree based rainwater harvesting system.
(Pic: Shree Padre)

41. Types of Rain Water Harvesting – 2
Harvesting for future use
Necessary where availability is not through out the year
Collect during rains – Store – Use
Storage can be in
2.1 - Tanks
2.2 - Soil strata

42. 46

43. Types of Rain Water Harvesting – 2.1
Harvesting for future use - Storage in Tanks
Used in havelis of Rajasthan/Kutcch for centuries
Replicated in Moral Re-armament Centre and Ion Exchange Guest house in Panchgani
Roof acts as catchment area.
Under ground Storage tanks act as collection devices.
Usage by fetching from the tank as per need

44. Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Tanks
Clean Roof
Haveli
Storage tank in the
Raised Plinth
Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Tanks
Used in Rajasthan and Kutch

45. Types of Rain Water Harvesting – 2.2
Harvesting for future use - Storage in Soil
Roof as well as open areas act as catchment surfaces.
Inter particular spaces in soil / rocks are used for storing water.
Water is channeled to structures made for enhanced percolation of the harvested rain water into soil layers
Usage – through Dug wells or bore wells

46. Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Soil Strata-I Recharge Pit
Method
Terrace
Building
Use through well/
Bore well
Simple Ground Water
Recharge Pit
Permeable strata
Subsoil water
Ground water

47. Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Soil Strata-I
Recharge Pit Type 2
Terrace
Building
Use through well/
Bore well
Recharge Pit
With a deeper shaft
Impermeable strata
Subsoil water
Ground water

48. Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Soil Strata - II
Recharge through Dug well
Terrace
Building
Recharge through well
Use through well/bore well
Subsoil water
Ground water

49. Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Soil Strata - III
Recharge through Bore well
Terrace
Building
Recharge through bore well
Use through bore well
Ground water

50. Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Soil Strata - IV
Recharge through trenches
Improved Ground water

51. Harvesting for Future Use – Storage in Soil Strata - V
Improving permeability of pavement
Terrace
Building
Recharge through soil
Use through well/bore well
Ground water

52. Selection of Rain Water Harvesting Structures
Site Specific
Slopes
Geo-morphology
Space availability
Usage pattern
End use specific

53. What is the precaution needed
If you want to harvest rain water in industrial setting
Take care not to mix it in any way with toxic chemicals, industrial effluents, sewage etc
Allow first flush rain water to go out of the collection system

54. 58

55. 59

56. One Success Story : Aachal Avichal Chanchal
Situated at Yari Road, Andheri West
Area prone to flooding
YET THEY DID NOT FLOOD ON
26th July 2005
Featured on Doordarshan / BBC 60

57. 61

58. 62

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60. 64

61. 65

62. 66

63. Sunshine CHS, Andheri (E)
Storm water drainage Rainwater harvesting

64. Borewell recharge through storm water drainage

65. List of Societies/Institutes

66. 70

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68. Wishing all of you Abundance of Pure Air Clean water Healthy Food

69. Wishing All of you abundance of Clean Air Pure Water Healthy Food And Healthy Body & Rich Soul