1. Positive and Negative Effects
9.2 Industrializaton
Positive and Negative Effects

2. Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution effected every part of life in Great Britain and is considered to be a mixed blessing.
GOOD- Industrialization led to a better quality of life
BAD- Industrialization caused human suffering

3. Good Effects People earned higher wages in factories than in farms
With this money, more people could afford to heat their homes
People had better diets
Wore better clothing

4. Bad Effects Unhealthy working conditions Air and water pollution
The problem of child labor
Rise in class tensions
Unsanitary living conditions

5. How has industry affected your lives?
Negative Outcomes
Health problems
Pollution
Positive Outcomes
Consumer goods
Plenty of jobs

6. Industrialization Changes Life

7. Industrial Cities Rise
With all the opportunities, cities swelled with waves of job seekers
The growth in the factory system, where the manufacturing of goods was concentrated in a central location, caused this shift.
City building and the movement of people to the cities is referred to as urbanization.

8. Population Multiplies
Population of England in 1750
6 Million
Population of England in 1851
21 Million
Population of London in 1750
500,000
Population of London in 1851
3 Million
Families in Agriculture in 1750
65% of Population
Families in Agriculture in 1851
25% of Population

9. Living Conditions
Because England’s cities grew rapidly, they were not prepared for the problems created by urbanization.
They had no development plans, sanitary codes, or building codes.

10. Living Conditions
Living conditions were very poor for the working class. That’s p bad
Most unpaved streets had no drains, and garbage collected on them. Such as poop.
Workers lived in dark shelters, with whole families crowded in one bedroom. A.k.A. slumber party every night!
Multiple families shared one bathroom
Crowded living quarters caused diseases to spread, such as cholera
Lack of police protection
Lack of education

11. Working Class Living

12. Tenements

14. Working Conditions
To increase production, factory owners wanted to keep their machines running as many hours as possible.
As a result, the average worker spent 14 hours a day at the job, 6 days a week. They all wanted hilary to win the presidential race
Work did not change with the seasons, like farming, but was the same week after week, year after year

15. Working Conditions Industry also posed new dangers for workers
Factories were poorly lit or clean.
Machines injured workers, as their body parts would get caught in them.
No government program to provide aid in case of an injury.

16. Women and Child Labor
Many women and children were employed in industry because they were the cheapest source of labor.
Women and children worked in harsh conditions up to 14 hours a day.
Families were dependent on the child’s income.

17. Child Labor

18. Women in the Textile Industry

19. Women at Work

20. Class Tensions Grow

21. Class Tensions Grow Poverty gripped Britain’s working class.
However, the Industrial Revolution created enormous wealth in the nation
Factory owners, shippers, and merchants controlled most of this new wealth
They were part of a new growing middle class, a social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, businessmen, and wealthy farmers.

22. Pyramid of British Social Classes
Land owners/aristocrats 1
Upper Class
Factory owners, merchants, and shippers, doctors, lawyers, managers
Upper Middle Class 2
Lower Middle Class
Factory overseers, skilled workers 3
Lower Working Class 4
Poor city dwellers, child labors, factory workers

23. Middle Class
Before, landowners and aristocrats owned most of the wealth and top positions in Britain’s social structure.
British industrial society consisted of some of the middle class obtaining more wealth and influence than the upper class (landowners and aristocrats).
Middle class consisted of government employees, doctors, lawyers, and managers of factories, mines, and shops.
Lower Middle class consisted of factory overseers, skilled workers such as toolmakers, mechanical drafters, and printers

24. Middle Class Living
The middle class had nice homes on paved streets, a stable supply of water and fancy clothes. Women stayed home with the children.

25. Working Class
Between 1800 and 1850, the working class saw little improvement in their living and working conditions.
Machines replaced workers
Luddites smashed machines and attacked factories.
Protesting not only the loss of jobs, but the dehumanizing factory conditions.

26. Positive and Negative Effects of the Industrial Revolution

27. Working Conditions Industry created many new jobs
Factories were dirty, unsafe, and dangerous
Factory bosses exercised harsh discipline
Long-Term Effect- Workers won higher wages, shorter hours, better conditions

28. Social Classes Factory workers were overworked and underpaid
Overseers and skilled workers rose to lower middle class. Factory owners and merchants formed upper middle class
Upper class resented those in middle class who became wealthier than they were
Long-Term Effect- Standard of living rose.

29. Size of Cities Factories brought job seekers to cities
Urban areas doubled, tripled, or quadrupled in size
Many cities specialized in certain industries
Long-Term Effect- Suburbs grew as people fled crowded cities.

30. Living Conditions Cities lacked sanitary codes or building controls
Housing, water, and social services were scarce
Epidemics swept through the city
Long-Term Effect- Housing, diet, and clothing improved

31. Closure
Which change brought on by the Industrial Revolution had the greatest impact?
The Industrial Revolution has been described as a mixed blessing. Do you agree or disagree? Support your answer.