1. Chapter 1: Living Things
Aim: What is the difference between living and nonliving things?

2. Characteristics of Living Things
Organized
Grow and develop
Reproduce
Respond to stimuli
Maintain certain internal conditions
Use energy
Things that have ALL of these characteristics are called organisms

3. Organized
Made up of small units called cells
Cells contain structures with specialized functions
Some organisms are unicellular (one cell only)
Some are multicellular (two or more cells)
Each cell contains heredity material and has a structure
Growth and Development
Unicellular organisms grow as the cell increases
Multicellular organisms grow as their cells increase in number
Changes that occur in an organism during its lifetime are called development

4. Reproduce
Reproduction is the process by which one organism makes one or more new organisms
All organisms reproduce differently
Respond to Stimuli
All living things respond to changes in their environment
Changes can be internal or external
Internal stimuli: ex: feeling hungry or thirsty
External stimuli: ex: light and temperature
Homeostasis
An organisms ability to maintain steady internal conditions when outside conditions change

5. Ensures that cells can function
Energy
Cells use energy to transport substances, make new cells, and perform chemical reactions
Everything an organism does requires energy
Energy comes from the sun directly or indirectly

6. Nonliving Things Don’t have all of these characteristics
Don’t need things in order to survive
Examples:
Water
Air
Rocks
Clouds

7. Aim: How do we classify living things?

8. Classification
Aristotle was one of the first people to classify organisms
He classified living things into two large groups, plants and animals
Animals were classified by the presence of “red blood”, animal’s environment, shape and size of the organism
Plants were classified according to structure and size and whether the plant was a tree, shrub, or herb

9. Robert H. Whittaker proposed a five-kingdom system.
Carolus Linnaeus came up with a new system of classification based on the structures of the organism
Organisms were placed into to kingdoms
Robert H. Whittaker proposed a five-kingdom system.
Kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Plantae, Fungi and Animilia

10. Today’s Classification System
Is called systematics
Uses all evidence known about an organisms to classify them
Cell type
Habitat
way organism obtains food and energy
structure and function of features
Common ancestry
Molecules within organism, such as DNA

11. The six kingdoms are separated into one of the three domains:
This new system led to the development of another level of classification called domains.
The six kingdoms are separated into one of the three domains:
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
6 kingdoms are: Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

12. Aim: How do scientists name organisms?

13. Binomial Nomenclature
Two-word naming system developed by Linneaus that scientists still use today
First word identifies the genus of the organism
The second word is the species, which may describe the organism’s appearance or its behavior
Examples: Brown Bear=Ursus arct0s

14. Using Scientific Names
Scientific names are the same worldwide
Communication about organisms are more effective because of scientific names

15. Aim: What tools do we use to help with classification?

16. Tools for Identifying Organisms
Dichotomous keys
A series of descriptions
Arranged in pairs
Identifies an unknown organism
Choices continue until the organism is identified

17. Cladograms
a branched diagram that shows the relationships among organisms, including ancestors
Has a series of branches
Each follows a new characteristics
Each characteristic is observed in all the species to its right