1. Displays

2. Human-Machine System Environment Human(s) Other Subsystems Displays
Controls

3. MD-11 Cockpit
Copyright  Harri Koskinen, used with permission, downloaded from 30 Jun 04

4. Visual Displays FUEL OIL 1 2 3 4 5 Digital Annunciators10 20 30 40 50 20 10 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 2 3 4 5
Digital
FUEL
OIL
Annunciators
Circular Analog
Linear Analog

5. Coding Color < 9 discriminable colors (absolute discrimination)
< ? (relative discrimination)
Shape
alphanumeric: < 82 (A-Z, a-z, 0-9, <, (, +, &, …)
geometric: < 15
pictorial: < ?

6. Coding (cont’) Magnitude < 7 (± 2) area line length
number of primitives
luminance
stereoscopic depth
inclination

7. Fixed Scale Moving Pointer (1)50 40 60 70 30 20 80 10 90

8. Fixed Scale Moving Pointer (2)50 40 60 70 30 20 80 10 90

9. Fixed Pointer Moving Scale (1)20 10 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

10. Fixed Pointer Moving Scale (2)20 10 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

11. Scale Intervals Good progressions Fair progressions Poor progressions
(0.1 unit numbered interval)
(1 unit)
(5 units)
Fair progressions
(0.2 unit)
(2 units)
Poor progressions
(0.25 units)
(4 units)
(2 units, poor initial point)

12. Scale Layout Circular Numbers increase clockwise Zero break
Zero at bottom (positive scale)
Zero at 9 o’clock position (positive - negative scale)
Numbers inside graduation marks

13. Circular Display 50 40 60 70 30 20 80 10 90

14. Positive/Negative Display
+20
+10
-10
-20

15. Linear Displays 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50

16. Linear Displays (2) 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50

17. Long-Scale Displays: Multiple Pointer9 1 2 8 7 3 6 4 5

18. Long-Scale Displays: Pointer/Counter9 1
7 8 0
3 1 2 8 7 3 6 4 5

19. Motion (Fixed Pointer Moving Scale)
Scale numbers increase in clockwise direction
Compatible control / scale movement
Clockwise control movement increases value
Avoid FPMS displays (inconsistency)

20. FPMS Anomalies (1) 20 10 30 40 50 60 80 90 70 10 90 20 80 30 70 40 50 60

21. FPMS Anomalies (2) 80 90 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 90 10 80 20 70 30 60 50 40

22. Check Reading Examples Types Technologies RPM ok? Temperature ok? FSMP
FPMS
Technologies
Mechanical
Electronic (CRT, LCD, …)

23. Check Reading (2) 50 40 60 70 30 20 80 10 90

24. Check Reading (3) 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 A B C D

25. Head-Up Display HUD image (at optical infinity) windscreen combiner
pilot’s
eye
mirror
projector

26. Head-Up Display
Source:

27. Military Aircraft HUD

28. Head Mounted Display Kopin Monocular Head Mounted Display

29. Helmet Mounted Display
Source: VSI F-35 HMDS - Joint Strike Fighter
Helmet Mounted Display System
last accessed 22 Oct 07.

30. Pictorial Display (System Synoptic)

31. Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI)

32. Pathway In The Sky Display
Source: Newman, D. (2006) “A Review of Pathway in the Sky Displays,”
last accessed 22 Oct 07.