1. Introduction to Microbiology
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

2. Microbiology
The study of organisms too small to be seen without magnification
bacteria
viruses
fungi
protozoa
helminths (worms)
algae

3. Branches of study within microbiology
Immunology
Public health microbiology & epidemiology
Food, dairy and aquatic microbiology
Biotechnology
Genetic engineering & recombinant DNA technology

4. Microbes are involved in
nutrient production & energy flow
decomposition
production of foods, drugs & vaccines
bioremediation
causing disease

5. Impact of pathogens Nearly 2,000 different microbes cause diseases
10 Billion infections/year worldwide
13 Million deaths from infections/year worldwide

7. Characteristics of microbes

9. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
First to observe living microbes
his single-lens magnified up to 300X
( )

11. Scientific Method
Form a hypothesis - a tentative explanation that can be supported or refuted by observation & experimentation
A lengthy process of experimentation, analysis & testing either supports or refutes the hypothesis.
Results must be published & repeated by other investigators.

12. If hypothesis is supported by a growing body of evidence & survives rigorous scrutiny, it moves to the next level of confidence - it becomes a theory
Evidence of a theory is so compelling that the next level of confidence is reached - it becomes a Law or principle

13. Spontaneous generation
Early belief that some forms of life could arise from vital forces present in nonliving or decomposing matter.
(flies from manure, etc)

14. Louis Pasteur Showed microbes caused fermentation & spoilage
Disproved spontaneous generation
Developed aseptic techniques. (free of pathogenic microorganisms)
Developed a rabies vaccine.
( )

15. Germ theory of disease
Many diseases are caused by the growth of microbes in the body and not by sins, bad character, or poverty, etc.

16. Robert Koch
Established a sequence of experimental steps to show that a specific bacteria causes a particular disease.
Developed pure culture methods.
Identified cause of anthrax, TB, & cholera.
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17. Taxonomy - system for organizing, classifying & naming living things
Domain - Archaea, Bacteria & Eukarya
Kingdom - 5
Phylum or Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species

18. 3 domains Eubacteria -true bacteria, peptidoglycan in cell wall
Archaea –odd bacteria that live in extreme environments, high salt, heat, etc. No peptidoglycan in cell wall
Eukarya- have a nucleus, & organelles

20. Naming micoorganisms Binomial (scientific) nomenclature
Gives each microbe 2 names
Genus - noun, always capitalized
species - adjective, lowercase
Both italicized or underlined
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)
Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)
Escherichia coli (E. coli)

21. Evolution- living things change gradually over millions of years
Changes favoring survival are retained & less beneficial changes are lost.
All new species originate from preexisting species.
Closely related organism have similar features because they evolved from common ancestral forms.
Evolution usually progresses toward greater complexity.

23. Exit Pass 1. What is an aseptic technique?
2. Who was the first person to see a microorganism?
3. Each microbe all gets two names the _______ and the ___________
4. What is the difference between archaea and bacteria
5. What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic?