1. Introduction to Surveying
RICS InstCES SST
RICS considers surveying to be made up of seven specialisations
General Practice
Planning and Development
Building Surveying
Quantity Surveying
Mineral Surveying
Rural Practice
RICS - Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors
InstCES - Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors
SST - Society of Surveying Technicians
GP - Mostly concerned with valuation and investment
P & D - eg analyse the existing level of residential development against regional population forecasts and prepare valuations to help gauge profitability
BS - advising on design, construction, maintenance, repair and refurbishment of residential and commercial property. Historic / listed buildings.
RP - Management of country estates and farms. The planning and development schemes for agriculture, forestation recreation.
MS - plans the development, manages and values mineral workings.
LS - measures land and its physical features accurately and records these in the form of a map or plan.
Land Surveying

2. This area of surveying can be broken down into the following :
Land Surveying
This area of surveying can be broken down
into the following :
Geodetic Surveying
Topographical Surveying
Photogrammetry
Hydrographic Surveying
Engineering Surveying
Cadastral Surveying
GS - covers such large areas that the curved shape of the earth has to be taken into account.
TS - establishes the position and shape of natural and man-made features over a given area for the production of maps.
Small scale surveys cover large areas - scales ranging from
1: to 1: (OS Landranger maps of Great Britain)
Medium scale 1: to 1:1000
Large scale 1:500 to 1:50 or larger
Photo - pairs of photos taken from an aircraft or close-range on the ground.
Hydro - marine environment --- for design, construction and maintenance of harbours, inland waterways, river and sea defences, monitoring and control of pollution, scientific studies of the oceans.
CS - boundaries and ownership of land and property UK Land Registry.
Eng Survey see nest slide
We are going to concentrate on this last aspect although the
basic techniques can be employed to most of the others.

3. Engineering Surveying is used
at the concept and design stage
Production of maps or plans
at the construction stage
Setting out and measurement
at the post construction stage
Measurement and monitoring
Speaks for itself !!!
Surveying for all three aspects involves the measurement of
three parameters :
Horizontal Distances
Vertical Distances
Angles

4. A variety of methods and equipment can be used to measure
each of these parameters.
Horizontal Distances by:
Taping
Optical Methods
Electronic Methods
Vertical Distances by
Taping
Optical Methods
Electronic Methods
Speaks for itself !!!
Angles by:
Magnetic Compass
Sextant
Theodolite
Other presentations outline some of these methods.