1. Section 1 The Age of Reform
US History
Section 1
The Age of Reform

2. Timeline

3. Progressivism Video (7 min) DE Streaming with captions.

4. A spirit of reform in the early 20th century
Focused on urban problems, poor sanitation, and corrupt governments
Progressivism

5. Progressives were:

6. Progressives were: Urban, educated, upper-middle class Americans
Thought government could solve problems, but needed to be fixed first.
Strong faith in science and technology
Progressives were:

7. Muckrakers

8. Muckrakers

9. Term coined by Theodore Roosevelt that described investigative journalists
They raked up the muck, or filth, of society
Muckrakers

10. Lincoln Steffens

11. Exposed corruption in big city governments in his book The Shame of the Cities (1904)
Lincoln Steffens

12. Photographed the urban poor in his book How the Other Half Lives
Showed upper-class Americans the dark side of industrialization
Jacob Riis

13. Jacob Riis
Jacob Riis

14. Jacob Riis

15. Jacob Riis

16. Jacob Riis

17. Frank Norris

18. Frank Norris Wrote The Octopus
A fictional work showing the stranglehold of railroads over California farmers
Frank Norris

19. Ida Tarbell

20. Ida Tarbell

21. Ida Tarbell
Author of “History of the Standard Oil Company” in McClure’s Magazine
Portrayed Rockefeller as a ruthless businessman

22. Muckraking books

23. Muckraking books

24. The muckrakers began writing detailed articles too long for a magazine, so they began publishing novels
Painted negative pictures of the industrial world
Muckraking books

25. Robert La Follette

26. Progressive Governor of Wisconsin
Challenged the hold that political bosses had on party conventions.
Direct Primary – party members vote on candidates for general election.
Robert La Follette

27. Initiative

28. Initiative

29. Gave voters the power to introduce legislation.
Requires the legislature to vote on this citizen-introduced idea.
Used in state and local government
Initiative

30. Referendum

31. Referendum

32. Allows citizens to vote on proposed laws directly
Often used in state and local government to stop tax hikes
Can also overturn legislation
Referendum

33. Recall

34. Recall

35. Enables voters to remove an elected official from office by calling for a special election.
Especially used in local elections – city councils and school boards
Recall

36. 17th Amendment

37. 17th Amendment

38. Constitutional amendment that gave voters the power to elect their senators directly. (1913)
However, did remove a constitutional check on federal power…
17th Amendment

39. Compulsory Education Laws

40. Compulsory Education Laws

41. Compulsory Education Laws
Laws that required parents to send their children to school
Helped control problem of child labor.
Compulsory Education Laws

42. Frances Willard

43. Led the Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Worked for moderation of alcohol
The WCTU was also active in women’s suffrage, prison reform, and child labor legislation
Frances Willard

44. Prohibition

45. Prohibition

46. Prevented the sale or manufacture of alcohol
The goal of the temperance movement
Saw liquor as cause of poverty and crimes against women and children
Prohibition

47. 18th Amendment

48. 18th Amendment

49. Barred the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcohol
An unexpected result of this was the creation of a new type of crime called Organized Crime (and NASCAR)
18th Amendment

50. Susan B Anthony

51. Susan B Anthony

52. A prominent American civil rights leader who played a pivotal role in the 19th century women's rights movement to introduce women's suffrage
Susan B Anthony

53. NAWSA

54. NAWSA

55. National American Woman Suffrage Association
Founded in 1890
Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
Purpose: Women’s voting rights.
NAWSA

56. Lobbying

57. The act of persuading legislators to vote for legislation or supporting your cause.
Financially support a political candidate in exchange for legislation that lobbyists want.
Lobbying

58. Lobbying

59. 19th Amendment

60. 19th Amendment

61. 19th Amendment

62. Constitutional amendment that granted women the right to vote. (1919)
A result of successful lobbying and women’s efforts during World War I.
19th Amendment

63. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

64. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

65. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

66. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
New York, 1911
Locked exit doors and bad fire escapes led to deaths of 146 garment workers
Changed public ideas about unions and worker protection laws.
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

67. Muller v. Oregon

68. Muller v. Oregon

69. An employer challenged the Oregon 10-hour work day law for women
The Supreme Court upheld state’s right to limit hours for female workers
Muller v. Oregon

70. Progressives Vs Big Business

71. Progressives vs Big Business

72. Progressives Vs Big Business
Progressives believed government should break up big business to restore competition
Sherman Antitrust Act – 1890
Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate railroads
The end of Laissez-Faire?
Progressives Vs Big Business

73. Questions?