1. The Long Civil Rights Movement
Teaching it with Primary Sources

2. The Long Civil Rights Movement
THE "LONG MOVEMENT" AS VAMPIRE: TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL FALLACIES IN RECENT BLACK FREEDOM STUDIES
Sundiata Keita Cha-Jua and Clarence Lang
The Journal of African American History, Vol. 92, No. 2 (Spring, 2007),

3. Andrew Johnson and Presidential Reconstruction

4. Black Codes
The Colored men do hereby abide by the contract We are to labor for Perkins from morning until night six days in each week from the first day of January 1866 to 31st day of December 1866 at any work they or their agents may require of us . . .

5. Why the need for a second reconstruction
Congressional Protections
U.S. Supreme Court Response
Civil Rights Act (1866)
Enforcement Act (1870)
Force Acts (1875)
Thirteenth Amendment
Fourteenth Amendment
Fifteenth Amendment
Slaughterhouse Cases (1873)
Minor v. Happersett (1874)
U.S. v. Reese (1875)
U.S. v. Cruikshank (1876)
Hall v. DeCuir (1877)
Civil Rights Cases (1883)
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Williams v. Mississippi (1898)
Cumming v. Richmond Cty. Bd. of Ed (1899)

6. Result: Jim Crow and violence
Really last night was one of the most scarey nights that we have ever spent here. The streets were wild with the mob all day yesterday and some thot that they would come out here at night but I really was not afraid. We stayed at home and I slept with my gun under my bed.
1906 Atlanta Race Riot

7. Right to Self-Defense? To Bear Arms?
. . . We must in some way, bridle the ownership of fire arms by the malicious and ignorant Negro. . . It is an exception to not find one, two or three fire arms in each cabin, and the lives of our best citizens has no protection We have twenty five or fifty negroes to one white man.
September 22, 1906 (during the Atlanta Race Riot)

8. Charles E. Cobb Jr., This Nonviolent Stuff’ll Get You Killed: How Guns Made the Civil Rights Movement Possible (2014)
Akinyele Omowale Umoja, We Will Shoot Back: Armed Resistance in the Mississippi Freedom Movement  (2014)

9. WWII and Black Insurgency
. . . take a stand against Police Brutality and Injustice The average Negro Veteran has given about three years of his life to fight Hitler and returns to find Hiterlism, Racial Bigotry and White Supremacy.

10. Fighting for Democracy: Black Veterans and the Struggle Against White Supremacy in the Postwar South (Princeton Studies in American Politics: Historical, International, and Comparative Perspectives) 
by Christopher S. Parker

11. Traditional civil Rights Movement

12. Freedom Rides

14. Resistance to Equal Accommodations

15. Resistance
Therefore, we want to advise you that we have never accepted a Negro guest at this Motel, that we have not agreed with anyone to accept Negro guests now or in the future, and that it is our considered and firm policy that we will not accept Negro guests at this motel at any time . . .

16. July 18, 1964 Civil Rights Act (July 2, 1964)

17. October 6, 1964
Cites 1875 U.S. v. Cruikshank as reason to invalidate Civil Rights Act (1964)

18. Voting Rights Act 1965

19. And the Struggle Continues