1. The Immune System: Cancer
Karen S. Anderson MD PhD
Associate Professor, Biodesign Institute
Arizona State University
Mayo Clinic Arizona

2. Anti-Tumor Immunity: A Balancing Act
B cell activation
T cell activation
Innate immunity
Immune evasion

3. Innate Immunity keeps the Human Microbiome at bay

4. The Adaptive Immune System
Sees foreign proteins
Has “memory”
Consists of:
T cells
B cells

5. What is an antibody?
Ligands (antigens)

6. What does immune memory mean?

7. Why do we need T cells?

8. How we see “Self”: HLA proteins
Bjorkman and Wiley, Nature, 1987

9. T cells killing a tumor cell

10. Plasmids are circular pieces of DNA containing a single gene
Genes make proteins, which are the parts that make up a cell
Dysfunctional proteins can cause disease
Researchers use plasmids to study genes and proteins to better understand disease
To facilitate research, DNASU stores over 162,000 plasmids and distributes these to researchers in 37 states and 38 countries

11. Nucleic Acid-Programmable Protein Array (NAPPA)
Proteomics: the study of all of the proteins in the human body
We use plasmids to make over 10,000 human proteins
By putting these plasmids on a glass slide (NAPPA) we can make and study over 10,000 proteins at one time
Protein
Expression …
1. Print Plasmids
2. Express & capture proteins
NAPPA
Identify which proteins are
specific to patient sera
Validation and Discovery in One Step
Replicate arrays of candidate proteins

12. NAPPA Array Production and Screening
Gene Cloning
Bacterial plating
DNA preparation
Array Printing

13. Detection of Antibodies in Breast Cancer