1. Characteristics of Living Organisms
Cellular structure and function: All living things are made up of one or more cells.
Reproduction: All living things make more of their own kind. Ex. Sexual and asexual.
Metabolism: Carry out chemical reactions in order to obtain energy.
Energy is used to grow, move and process information.

2. Cellular structure

3. Reproduction

4. Asexual Reproduction-Yeast budding

5. Metabolism

6. Photosynthesis &Cellular Respiration

7. Sometimes a mutation occurs. A mutation can be good or bad.
4. Homeostasis: All living things must maintain a constant body temperature despite external temperature.
5.Heredity: All living things are able to pass down their genes from parent to offspring.
A gene is the basic unit of heredity. It is why we tend to resemble our parents.
Sometimes a mutation occurs. A mutation can be good or bad.

8. Homeostasis-Balance

9. Homeostasis

10. Homeostasis

11. Heredity

12. heredity

13. 6. Evolution
Changes in inherited characteristics of a species over generations.
Offspring are similar but not identical. Those that inherit traits that can meet the challenges of nature tend to survive long enough to reproduce.
The most favorable traits become more common. This is known as Darwin’s theory of natural selection.

14. Evolution

15. Transitional species

16. 7. Interdependence
All living organisms depend on one another for survival.
The branch of science that deals with interdependence is Ecology.

17. Interdependence

18. Marine Food Web

19. Lichen-fungi and algae

20. Terrestrial Food Web

21. Questions 1. Identify seven properties that all living things share.
2. Relate three of the seven themes to a harp seal.
3. Describe the difference between homeostasis and metabolism.
4. If you find an object that looks like an organism, how might you determine if your discovery is indeed alive?

22. Biology in Your World Preserving Our Environment
Conservation biology finding ways to conserve and preserve land and resources.
Ex. Recycling
Use bacteria to clean water and landfills

23. Plants used for medicine

24. Genetic engineering of food crops to improve food supply.
Ex. Add vitamin A and iron to rice
Alter genes so plants can resist herbicides
Reduce pesticide use
The Human Genome Project
Complete genetic material contained in an individual
This will help us fight diseases like AIDS, cancer, West Nile virus, and cystic fibrosis.
Gene Therapy
Replacing a defective gene with a normal one.

25. Genetically engineered crops
Genetically engineered rice
Genetically engineered corn

27. Human genome project

28. Gene Therapy

29. Cystic Fibrosis

30. Cloning

31. AIDS
AIDS- Is a disease caused by the HIV virus. This virus attaches and destroys the immune system. The virus changes too frequently. Making it difficult to construct a vaccine.
We can slow the progression of the virus by using a combination of drugs.
Scientists are working on a vaccine.

32. HIV virus-retrovirus

33. Cancer Cancer- Is a growth defect in the cell.
Current theory suggests that a combination of genetic and environmental factors contribute to the onset of cancer.
We now know most cancers can be avoided.
Ex . Lung cancer , don’t smoke!

34. cancer progression

35. Questions 1. How can genetic engineering help food supply?
2. What is one problem scientists face in curing AIDS?
3. How can gen therapy be used to treat cystic fibrosis?
4. What is the goal of researchers who transplant beneficial genes into other plants?

36. Francisco Redi (Italian physician & poet)-- attempted to disprove the theory of Spontaneous Generation.

37. Redi’s critics said: You have too many variables
There is a lack of access and a lack of air.
We ALL know that everything needs air
Of course no flies grew!
You haven’t proven anything.

38. Redi part 2 – answer to critics
fine mesh allows in air, but not flies
flies laid eggs on top of mesh
no maggots in meat

39. Redi’s Conclusions:
“All living beings come from seeds of the plants or animals themselves”
However, if someone were to demonstrate even one exception to this hypothesis, then Redi’s hypothesis would be rejected.

40. 1.2 Methods of Science
Scientific Method is a planned, organized approach to solving a problem. Steps to the Scientific Method: 1) Identifying the problem - determine what you want to know (observation) 2) Form a hypothesis (educated guess) make a prediction.

41. 3) Test the hypothesis iii. Control : Constant factors in the
perform the experiment
a. Good experiment only tests 1 variable at a time
i. Independent variable: The factor that
is changed by the experimenter.
ii. Dependent variable: The factor that is
not changed by the experimenter but
changes if the independent variable
changes.
iii. Control : Constant factors in the
experiment that do not change and
is used for comparison.

42. 4) Record the data 5) Analyze the data 6) Form a conclusion (data is collected and analyzed). 7) Repeat the experiment After results are repeated and verified by many a theory will be constructed.

43. Scientific Theory vs. Scientific Law
_________ is an explanation based on many observations during repeated experiments.
Theories can be changed if found
incorrect
Valid only if consistent with
observations & makes predictions
that can be tested
________ is a basic fact that describes the
behavior of a natural phenomenon.

44. Example 2

45. Example 3

46. Example 1

47. Wednesday, September 19, 2012 “Do Now”
When you buy milk how much do you buy?
How tall are you?
How much do you weigh?
What is your average body temperature?
Objective: Identify basic SI units.
Homework: Practice unit conversions. List is on the board.

48. How Scientists Record Data
A measurement includes both a number and
a unit of measure
Most countries use a standard system called
The Système International d’Unités, or SI
SI system is based on 10

49. SI System QUALITY UNIT SYMBOL Length Mass Area Volume Density Time
meter m
Mass
newton N
Area
Square meters m2
Volume
liters L
Density
Grams per cubic centimeter
g/cm3
Time
seconds s
Temperature
Celsius C

50. Metric Prefixes
Please copy the chart found on page 1032 of the appendix in your Biology book. You have 3 minutes.

51. Scientific Notation
In science some numbers are very small, while other numbers are very long.
Scientific notation is a type of shorthand.
This number is expressed as a number between 1 & 10, by the power of 10.

52. The diameter of an atom in meters is
Examples
The mass of the Earth is: kg
59742 X 1024kg
The diameter of an atom in meters is m
1X10-10m

53. Practice Please convert the following: 1. 624 000 000 000kghm
3. 6X108m m
X 10-12mm