1. Obesity

2. Topic: Obesity Objectives: Do Now:
Define obesity
Distinguish between dietary and body fat
Define obesity using BMI, body fat percentage, and waist circumference
Identify obesity trends among U.S. adults from
Do Now:
Carol consumes 2100 calories a day and burns about 2000 calories a day.
Using the energy balance equation, determine her energy balance.
Is her energy balance positive, negative, or equal?
With this energy balance, how many days until Carol gains a pound of fat?
How could Carol balance her energy balance?

3. Obesity What is obesity? Two types of fat
A disease where a person has more fat on his or her body than is considered a healthy average for his or her height and bone structure.
Two types of fat
Dietary fat
Body fat (excess fat is stored in lipocytes)

4. How do medical professionals define obesity?
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Body Fat Percentage
Waist Circumference (waist to hip ratio)

5. Body Mass Index (BMI) 130lb * 703 = 23.8 (63)2
BMI compares your weight to your height to figure out if you are too heavy for your height. (pg 5)
Weight (lbs) * 703 = BMI
Height(inches)2
Example:
- Wt: 130 lb
- Ht: 5’3”
130lb * = 23.8
(63)2

6. Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI compares your weight to your height to figure out if you are too heavy for your height.
Weight (lbs) * 703 = BMI
Height(inches)2
Using BMI to define obesity:
< 25 = healthy weight
25 – 30 = overweight
> 30 = obese

7. Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI compares your weight to your height to figure out if you are too heavy for your height.
Weight (lbs) * 703 = BMI
Height(inches)2
What does BMI not measure?

8. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults between 1985 and 2009
Obesity: Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher.

9. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1985
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14%

10. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14%

11. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1987
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14%

12. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1988
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14%

13. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1989
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14%

14. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1990
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14%

15. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1991
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19%

16. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1992
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19%

17. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1993
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19%

18. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1994
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19%

19. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1995
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19%

20. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1996
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19%

21. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1997
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% ≥20%

22. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1998
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% ≥20%

23. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1999
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% ≥20%

24. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2000
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% ≥20%

25. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2001
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% %–24% ≥25%

26. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2002
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% %–24% ≥25%

27. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2003
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% %–24% ≥25%

28. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2004
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% %–24% ≥25%

29. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2005
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% %–24% %–29% ≥30%

30. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2006
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% %–24% %–29% ≥30%

31. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2007
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% %–24% %–29% ≥30%

32. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2008
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% %–24% %–29% ≥30%

33. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2009
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% %–24% %–29% ≥30%

34. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1990, 1999, 2009
(*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs. overweight for 5’4” person)
1990
1999
2009
No Data <10% %–14% %–19% %–24% %–29% ≥30%

35. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults between 1985 and 2009
Source of the data:
The data shown in these maps were collected through CDC’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Each year, state health departments use standard procedures to collect data through a series of telephone interviews with U.S. adults.
Prevalence estimates generated for the maps may vary slightly from those generated for the states by BRFSS ( as slightly different analytic methods are used.

36. In 1990, among states participating in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, ten states had a prevalence of obesity less than 10% and no states had prevalence equal to or greater than 15%.
By 1999, no state had prevalence less than 10%, eighteen states had a prevalence of obesity between 20-24%, and no state had prevalence equal to or greater than 25%.
In 2009, only one state (Colorado) and the District of Columbia had a prevalence of obesity less than 20%. Thirty-three states had a prevalence equal to or greater than 25%; nine of these states (Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and West Virginia) had a prevalence of obesity equal to or greater than 30%.

37. Citations
BRFSS, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System http: //
Mokdad AH, et al. The spread of the obesity epidemic in the United States, 1991—1998 JAMA 1999; 282:16:1519–22.
Mokdad AH, et al. The continuing epidemics of obesity and diabetes in the United States. JAMA. 2001; 286:10:1519–22.
Mokdad AH, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, JAMA 2003: 289:1: 76–9
Vital Signs: State-Specific Obesity Prevalence Among Adults —United States, 2009 MMWR 2010;59(30).

38. Body Fat Percentage
To determine body fat percentage the following is used:
Weight
Height
Amount of fat on different parts of the body
Use calipers or a body fat scale to determine % body fat

39. Body Fat Percentage Women: <25% Men: <17% Women: <32%
Normal Body fat percentages: Defining obesity using percentage body fat:
Women: <25%
Men: <17%
Women: <32%
Men: <25%

40. Waist Circumference Women: 35 inches Men: 40 inches
You are more at risk of having health problems if your waist measurement is more than:
Women: 35 inches
Men: 40 inches

41. Body Shape
Doctors will look at where body fat is found on the body.

42. Waist-hip Ratio Women: ratio < .8 Men: ratio < .9
Waist-Hip Ratio = A mathematical way to look at body shape.
Measure around the waist (at your narrowest point)
Measure around the hips (at your widest point)
Divide the waist number by the hip number
Using waist-hip ratio to measure obesity:
Women: ratio < .8
Men: ratio < .9
If the ratio is 1.0 or more, you are considered to be at risk for health problems.

43. Homework Read pages 1-6 in your handout.
Reflection #4: Reflecting on Obesity 1
I will be collecting and grading your reflection journal Tuesday.