1. Chapter 7 Infants and Toddlers
Critical Years for Learning

2. Focus Questions What are infants and toddlers like?
How does brain research influence care and education of young children?
How can you support the psychosocial, emotional, motor, cognitive, and language development of infants and toddlers?

3. T 7.3
Focus Questions
How can you provide developmentally appropriate and enriched environments to support infants and toddlers development? How can I provide high quality curricula for infants and toddlers?
How can you provide high quality curricula for infants and toddlers?
What is infant mental health, and why is it important?

4. Brain-Based Guidelines for Teaching
Child development is dynamic and continuous interaction between biology and experience.
Culture is reflected in child-rearing beliefs and practices
Self-regulation is a cornerstone of early childhood development
Children are active participants in their development
Child–adult relationships is a building block of healthy development
Timing of early child experiences

5. Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Erikson’s stage—trust vs. basic mistrust
Social behaviors
Crying
Imitation

6. Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Attachment
Secure attachment
Avoidant attachment
Resistant attachment
Disorganized attachment
Temperament
Easy child
Slow-to-warm up child
Difficult child

7. Piaget’s Stages of Sensorimotor Development
Reflexive actions
Primary circular reactions
Secondary circular reactions
Coordination of secondary schemes
Experimentation (Tertiary circular reactions)
Representational intelligence
(intention of means)

8. Sequence of Language Development
First words
Holophrasic speech
Symbolic representation
Vocabulary development
Telegraphic speech
Motherese or Parentese
Negatives

9. How to Promote Language Development in Infants and Toddlers
Treat children as partners in the communication process
Conduct conversations
Talk to infants in a soothing and pleasant voice
Use children’s names
Use a variety of means to stimulate and promote language development
Converse and share information
Converse in various settings

10. How to Promote Language Development in Infants and Toddlers
Have children use language in different ways
Teach the language of directions and commands
Converse with children about what they are doing and how they are doing it
Use the full range of adult language
Use new words and phrases

11. Developmentally Appropriate Infant and Toddler Programs
Three dimensions
Child development and learning knowledge
Strengths, interests, and needs of each individual child
Social and cultural contexts
Multiculturally Appropriate Practice
Be culturally sensitive in care and education practices

12. Curriculum for Infants and Toddlers
Responsive Relationships
Provide daily routines
Encourage language development
Promote respectful social development and interactions
Provide engaging and challenging activities

13. T 7.13
Infant Mental Health
State of emotional and social competence of young children
Interplay between nature and nurture
Relational guidelines
Individualize attention
Emphasize strengths
Provide continuous and stable caregiving
Be accessible