1. Why did the Articles of Confederation fail
Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Write down at least four reasons.
What did the founding fathers do to fix these failures?

2. Federalists vs. Anti-federalists
George Mason
Federalists
vs.
Anti-federalists
1SS-E17. Describe the aspirations, ideals, and events that served as the foundation for the creation of a new national government, with emphasis on:
PO 4. Struggles over ratification of the Constitution and the creation of the Bill of Rights

3. After the Constitution was signed on September 17, 1787, the fight for RATIFICATION began.
9 out of 13 states had to ratify the Constitution before it would go into effect.
1SS-E17. Describe the aspirations, ideals, and events that served as the foundation for the creation of a new national government, with emphasis on:
PO 4. Struggles over ratification of the Constitution and the creation of the Bill of Rights

4. Two factions (opposing groups) emerged:
Federalists who supported the Constitution
Anti-Federalists who opposed the Constitution
These two groups argued for their position in newspapers, magazines, and pamphlets until the Constitution was ratified by the 9th and decisive state on June 21, 1788

5. Beliefs of Each Group Federalists Anti-Federalists (small government)
(BIG government!)
Anti-Federalists
(small government)
Supported removing some powers from the states and giving more power to the national government.
Wanted important political powers to remain with the states. Idea of states’ rights.
Favored dividing powers among different branches of government.
Wanted the legislative branch to have more power than an executive.
1SS-E17. Describe the aspirations, ideals, and events that served as the foundation for the creation of a new national government, with emphasis on:
PO 4. Struggles over ratification of the Constitution and the creation of the Bill of Rights
Proposed a single person to lead the executive branch.
Feared that a strong executive might become a king or tyrant.
Believed Constitution did NOT need a Bill of Rights
Wanted a Bill of Rights added to the Constitution to protect the rights of citizens.

6. Anti-Federalists
Led by Thomas Jefferson and included farmers and small landowners who believed nation’s future rested on agriculture.
Therefore, ANTI-FEDERALISTS wanted SMALL government.
1SS-E17. Describe the aspirations, ideals, and events that served as the foundation for the creation of a new national government, with emphasis on:
PO 4. Struggles over ratification of the Constitution and the creation of the Bill of Rights

7. Anti-Federalists Arguments made by Anti-Federalists
The Constitutional Convention went beyond what they were charged to do. (illegal-treason)
A strong national government would destroy states’ rights.
Resembled a monarchy with its concentration of power
Did not have a Bill of Rights

8. Federalists
Argued that the new nation needed an effective national government to handle the nation’s economy, establish its monetary system, promote justice, and protect individual liberty.
Took name “Federalists” show link to “Federalism”
Federalism: government power is SHARED among the states, but the power of the central government outweighs the power of the states’ government.
1SS-E17. Describe the aspirations, ideals, and events that served as the foundation for the creation of a new national government, with emphasis on:
PO 4. Struggles over ratification of the Constitution and the creation of the Bill of Rights

9. Federalists
Included Alexander Hamilton, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and James Madison.
Wrote a series of letters/essays called “The Federalist Papers” in support of the new constitution.

10. Ratification
In the spirit of compromise, the Federalists agreed to add a Bill of Rights which helped the document to be ratified.
Delaware was the first state to ratify the document on December 7, 1787.
1SS-E17. Describe the aspirations, ideals, and events that served as the foundation for the creation of a new national government, with emphasis on:
PO 4. Struggles over ratification of the Constitution and the creation of the Bill of Rights

11. Ratification New Hampshire was the 9th and decisive state.
North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the Constitution when they approved the document on November 21, Rhode Island was the last to ratify in 1790.

12. WHAT DOES THIS POLITICAL CARTOON MEAN?

13. Quote #1:
“All communities divide themselves into the few and the many. The first are the rich and well born; the other, the mass of people…. The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right. Give therefore the first class a ….permanent share in the government….they therefore will ever maintain good government.”
Who said it? _______________________

14. Quote #1
Who said it?
FEDERALISTS

15. Quote #2:
“It must be by this time evident to all men…that (the Articles of Confederation) is a system so radically vicious and unsound as to admit….an entire change.”
Who said it? _______________________

16. Quote #2
Who said it?
FEDERALISTS

17. Quote #3:
“Our country is too large to have all affairs directed by a single government.”
Who said it? _______________________

18. Quote #3
Who said it?
ANTI-FEDERALISTS

19. Quote #3:
“The small landowners are the most precious part of the state.”
Who said it? _______________________

20. Quote #3
Who said it?
ANTI-FEDERALISTS

21. Quote #4:
“I consider the foundation of the Constitution as laid on this ground – that all powers not delegate (given) to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states, or to the people….”
Who said it? _______________________

22. Quote # 4
Who said it?
ANTI-FEDERALIST

23. Quote #5:
“The powers contained in the constitution….ought to be construed liberally in advancement of the public good.”
Who said it? _______________________

24. Quote # 5
Who said it?
FEDERALISTS

25. Quote #6:
“I am not among those who fear the people. They, not the rich, are our dependence for continued freedom.”
Who said it? _______________________

26. Quote #6
Who said it?
ANTI-FEDERALISTS

27. Quote #7:
"I had rather be a free citizen of the small republic of Massachusetts, than an oppressed subject of the great American empire."
Who said it? _______________________

28. Quote #7
Who said it?
ANTI-FEDERALISTS