1. Democracy Develops in England
10.2
Prologue 3 Pg

2. Essential Question?
Explain the reasoning behind the lords being unhappy with King John and eventually had him sign Magna Carta

3. MAIN IDEA - (Power and Authority) England began to develop democratic institutions that limited the power of the monarch
WHY IT MATTERS NOW- Democratic traditions that developed in England have influenced many countries, including the United States

4. Medieval Hierarchy

5. Setting The Stage
Democracy spreads to England in late Middle Ages (year 1000)
Began in Greece (city state and rights)
Spread to Rome (republic)
Father by Judaism and Christianity (responsibility of individual)

6. Reforms in Medieval England
Henry II - King of England (and half of France)
Established Juries and Common Law:
Before: trials were physical (duel, contest, etc.)
12 people reviewed the facts, made recommendation of guilt or innocence
Common Law: laws based on traditions and previous court cases, not the will of a judge.
All of England Unified under common law

7. The Magna Carta King John - Fought costly, war with France
Raised taxes
People unhappy
1215: Nobles force King John to sign Magna Carta
Granted rights to certain people
Limited Kings Power
Individual rights and liberties
King must obey laws
Due Process: Everyone has the right to jury trial

8. Parliament 1295 1300’s First Parliament meets
King needed $$$ for war
Later voted on taxes, reforms, laws
1300’s
Parliament divided into 2 houses
House of Lords
House of Commons
Most citizens had no part
Not a true democracy yet.
Limited power of the monarch

9. Parliament vs. the King
Parliament controls taxation and spending in the kingdom = power
1600s - kings claim DIVINE RIGHT:
Power to rule comes directly from God
Monarchs (kings) chosen by God to rule

10. James I
Divine right
From Scotland, did not know English system of gov’t.
Fought with Puritans
Wanted to purify the Church of England, less Roman Catholic Church
Wanted $ to live lavish life/ wage war

11. The English Civil War Parliament vs. the King
Royalists: support King
Anti-royalists: support Parliament
Anti-royalists win the war, put King on trial
Charles is executed, 1629
Oliver Cromwell placed in charge of Parliament

12. The Restoration
Cromwell dissolves Parliament, establishes Protectorate
Many unhappy
Cromwell dies in 1658, 5 years of rule
The Restoration
Charles II asked to rule by Parliament
1679: Habeas Corpus Act:
Police must produce arrested person in court
Must be told why they are on trial
Person cannot be held without a reason

13. Glorious Revolution Charles dies, James II is King
James is Catholic (England is Church of England)
Marries Catholic woman, she’s pregnant
Catholic son will rule England
Protestants angry
Force King from the throne, give throne to his daughter Mary, and her husband William
Both Protestants
No bloodshed, power transferred = Bloodless Revolution

14. Constitutional Monarchy
William and Mary, king and queen
Powers of the monarch restricted by a formal document, or constitution
Agreement between King and Parliament

15. English Bill of Rights
William and Mary agree to accept INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS in England
Provided free speech
Limited power (further) of the king
Formalized the Petition of Right, cannot be broken

16. England’s Legacy Glorious Revolution + Bill of Rights:
Citizens guaranteed:
Rule of law
Parliamentary gov’t.
Individual rights
Constitutional Monarchy
English Civil War + Bill of Rights +Enlightenment = American and French Revolutions…

17. King Charles II 1685 King Charles II dies No legitimate children
His brother James II (Catholic), next in line
Problem, England dominated by Protestants

18. King James II King James II takes throne Catholic,
Church of England is Protestant
Appoints several Catholics to high office
Parliament protests
James II dissolves parliament.
1688
Wife gives birth to a son
Catholic + Catholic = another Catholic King.
Parliament w/draws support

19. Glorious Revolution William and Mary 1689
Parliament backs William and Mary
Monarchs of Netherlands
Mary daughter of King James II
Both protestant
William invades England
James flees to France
Parliament est. right to limit kings power and to control succession.

20. English Bill of Rights English Bill of Rights 1689
Further limited monarch’s power
English Bill of Rights:
No suspending of Parliament Laws by King
Can not raise taxes without consent of Parliament
Freedom of speech within Parliament
No penalty for petitioning the King for grievances

21. English Legacy English Soccer Fan or cross dresser? By 1689
English citizens were guaranteed:
Rule of Law
Parliamentary Govt.
Bill of rights
Constitutional Monarchy