1. Cystograms revealing vesicoureteral reflux
Cystograms revealing vesicoureteral reflux. Upper left: Saccule at right ureterovesical junction. Upper right: Meningomyelocele. Reflux with severe bilateral hydroureteronephrosis; serum creatinine, 0.6 mg/dL; phenolsulfonphthalein excretion, 5% in 1 hour. Lower left: Postprostatectomy patient with reflux on left and bilateral saccules. Lower right: Ten-year-old boy with meningomyelocele. Bladder has been emptied. Impairment of drainage at ureterovesical junctions is demonstrated. (Courtesy of Hutch JA, Amar AD: Vesicoureteral Reflux and Pyelonephritis. Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1972.)
Source: Chapter 13. Vesicoureteral Reflux, Smith & Tanagho's General Urology, 18e
Citation: McAninch JW, Lue TF. Smith & Tanagho's General Urology, 18e; 2013 Available at: Accessed: October 13, 2017
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