1. The Crusades
Chapter 14.1

2. Overview The Crusades begin in 1096
There are a total of seven crusades plus the children’s crusade
A Holy war between the Christians and Muslims

3. The Christian Church
Simony-Positions in the Church were sold by bishops
Church was reformed under Leo IX and under Gregory VII
Development of Canon Law (The law of the Church
Curia-The Court of the Church

4. Christian Church Cont’d
Tithes-Collection of taxes from the church
10% of a Christians income
Increased the power of the Church and especially the power of the Pope

5. St. Frances of Assisi The son of a rich merchant
Preached throughout the poor cities of Europe
Founded the Franciscan Friars
Believed that all creatures were spiritual

6. Women in the Church 1212-Founding of the Poor Clares
Founded by Frances of Assisi and Clare
Lived in poverty and worked for the poor and sick
Convents

7. Architecture
Romanesque-Arches, pillars, tiny windows, thick walls ( )
Gothic-huge stained glass windows, much more ahh-ahh-ahh, less ohh-ohh-ohh

8. 1st Crusade 1096-1099 Alexius I of Constantinople (a Christian)
Which becomes Istanbul
Feared that the Muslims would conquer Byzantium
Called on Pope Urban II to wage a war against the Muslims
"Christians, hasten to help your brothers in the East, for they are being attacked. Arm for the rescue of Jerusalem under your captain Christ. Wear his cross as your badge. If you are killed your sins will be pardoned."

9. Christians Succeed
In 1099 the Christians began their attack on Jerusalem
Within the year they had gained control of the city and won the 1st Crusade

10. 2nd Crusade
Cause: 1144: the city of Edessa fell to the Muslims
French King Louis VII and German King Conrad III participated in the 2nd Crusade
A complete failure for the Christians

11. 3rd Crusade 1190-1192 Philip Augustus (French)
Argued with Richard and went home
Frederick Barbarossa (German)
Drown in 1190
Richard the Lionhearted (British)
Gained the name Lionhearted at the Battle of Acre
Saladin (Muslim)
Known as a brave fighter who was able to unite the divided Muslim people to fight for Jerusalem

12. 3rd Crusade Cont’d
Richard attempted to capture the city from the Muslims
By 1192 the fighting had become too much for both sides and they called a truce
Saladin will die 6 months later
Richard will die in 1199 from a wound inflicted by the French

13. 4th Crusade 1198 Pope Innocent III
Knights ended up looting Constantinople and never made it to Jerusalem
Effectively split the church between the east (Constantinople) and west (Rome)

14. Children's Crusade
Children's Crusade(1212) – unsuccessful – Led by a French boy named Stephen most of the children died of starvation or were sold into slavery

15. 5th, 6th and 7th Crusades Completely ineffective
No territory was gained
Christians were tired of the church calling since Constantinople was no longer a part of the western church

16. Summary: What were some of the long-term effects of the Crusades?

17. Long Term Effect #1:
Interaction between Western Europe and Muslims in Middle East- Cultural Diffusion

18. Long Term effect #2:
Increased trade between Europe and Middle East

19. Long Term Effect #3:
Italians act as middlemen in the trade between W. Europe and Middle East- they become wealthy- leads to renaissance

20. Long Term Effect #4:
Legacy (long term effect) of distrust and hatred between Christians, Jews and Muslims

21. Long Term Effect #5:
Growth of towns and cities along crusader routes; weakening of feudal system

22. So…..Were the Crusades Successful?