1. The Crusades

2. The Crusades
After Muslims(Seljuk Turks) were threatening the Byzantine Empire (Christians), Pope Urban II calls for Christians from Western Europe to protect the Byzantine Empire and to capture the Holy Land from its Muslim inhabitants
Asia Minor

3. GOD WILLS IT!! Pope Urban II calls the first Crusade. 1095-1291
   
GOD WILLS IT!!

4. " Jerusalem is now held captive by the
enemies of Christ,
those who do not know God,
the heathen (non Christians).
Jerusalem wants to be free and
begs you to come help!
Who will take up this work,
who will right these wrongs
who will recover this territory, if you won't ?"

5. Reasons for the Crusades
Holy Land was holy to Christians, Jews and Muslims (especially Jerusalem)
Place where Jesus was born and died
Looking for adventure and riches
Few opportunities in feudal Europe
Hatred of Muslims

6. Indulgence from sins Exempt from taxes Debts cancelled The Pope wanted
To get the Greek Orthodox Church back
And have the Christians fight together, not each other

7. Cross on chest
About 4000 knights took up the Cross. The word Crusade comes from the Latin CRUX, meaning Cross.

8. Even peasants wanted to fight.
Peter the Hermit led the peasants, but most
died before they reached the Holy land.

9. Historians believe that 30,000 crusaders left
Western Europe to fight in the first crusade.
About 4,000 of those were knights,
who were happy to try out their fighting skills.
The rest of the crusaders were foot soldiers, archers
(soldiers with bows and arrows), and cooks.
Women and priests also traveled with the men
in the army.

11. The European Jews were the first to die by the Christians in the Crusades!!

12. There were eight major Crusades
There were eight major Crusades. Only the first one was really successful.
Land and water routes to the Holy Land.

13. Most gathered in Constantinople for the journey south.

14. Crusader Pictures The Holy City of Jerusalem

15. The Crusaders were terribly cruel to the Muslims
The Burning of Jerusalem
The Crusaders were terribly cruel to the Muslims

16. The first Crusade was the first and last victory for the Crusaders.

17. Christians set up 4 crusader states in the Holy Land

18. and built Crusader Forts to establish feudalism

19. They were FIGHTING MONKS
Two new order of Knights were established during the crusades:
The Knights of the Temple, the Templars
And
The Knights of St. John, The Hospitallers
They were FIGHTING MONKS

20. Then, in 1147 Edessa falls

21. The Pope calls the Second Crusade

22. King Louis VII of France
and
King Conrad III of Germany were badly defeated!

23. Saladin, leader of the Muslims began retaking land won in the first Crusade.

24. Saladin’s Empire

25. Crusade of the Three Kings
Richard the Lionhearted of England
Philip Augustus of France
Frederick Barbarossa of the Holy Roman Empire
Was called to re-take the Holy land captured by Saladin.

26. Richard never made it inside the walls of Jerusalem
Richard never made it inside the walls of Jerusalem. Instead, he and Saladin made a
Three year Truce

27. Fourth Crusade
Pope Innocent III

28. The Crusaders didn’t even make it to the Holy land
The Crusaders didn’t even make it to the Holy land. They looted and raided Constantinople instead!!
Are you crazy?? We
Are not your enemies!!

29. How shall I begin to tell of the deeds done by these wicked men?
They trampled the images underfoot instead of adoring them. They
threw the relics of the martyrs into filth….
They broke into bits the sacred altar of Santa Sophia, and distributed it
among the soldiers. When the sacred vessels and the silver and gold
ornaments were to be carried off, they brought up mules and saddle
horses inside the church itself."

30. Innocent excommunicated all of the participants It was one of the major reasons for the schism between the Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches..

31. The spirit of the crusades had been lost. Very
few crusaders ever made it to the Holy Land.
The  "enthusiasm "  seen in the first crusades
had been replaced by a hunger for wealth.

32. The Children’s Crusade –
           Stephen,12 year old French shepherd,  had a vision that God wanted children to go on a new crusade to free Jerusalem from Muslims. He gathered 30,000 French children and marched 300 miles to Marseilles, France . The group was shipped out  in 7 ships loaded with 5,000 children, monks, and nuns. 2 ships were wrecked , 5 ships made it to North Africa where all  were sold into slavery.            Nicholas also a 12 year old shepherd and another child leader from Germany led 20,000 children from Germany over the Alps to Italy. Nicholas and the other leader’s armies of children sailed from Italian ports and were never heard from again.           50,000 children went, at least 10,000 died from disease, abuse, exposure, shipwreck, or attack.  23,000 never returned home.  

33. The Fifth Crusade - 1219 It also was a failure
Strategy- to wipe out the Muslim power at its power base in Egypt
It also was a failure

34. The Sixth Crusade – 1228 –
LED BY AN ATHEIST,
FREDERICK II OF THE
HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
No Fighting. Negotiations led to a 15 year truce!

35. King Louis IX, King of France
The Seventh Crusade – 1248 – led by
King Louis IX, King of France
The King was captured and later his vassals had to pay ransom
FAILURE!!!!!

36. 1270 The Eighth Crusade Also led by King Louis IX of France
The King died of a fever. No land was won.
Another failure

37. Would call them a Failure? success
By 1291, the last piece of Christian
land in the Holy Land was lost to the Muslims.
The crusades were over.
Would call them a
Failure?
success
Or a

38. How about
successful failure?????

39. Long Term Effect #1:

40. Long Term Effect #1: Long Term Effect #1:
Interaction between Western Europe and Muslims in Middle East- Cultural Diffusion

41. Long Term effect #2:

42. Long Term effect #2: Long Term effect #2:
Increased trade between Europe and Middle East

43. Long Term Effect #3:

44. Long Term Effect #3:
Italians act as middlemen in the trade between W. Europe and Middle East- they become wealthy- leads to renaissance

45. Long Term Effect #4:

46. Long Term Effect #4:
Legacy (long term effect) of distrust and hatred between Christians, Jews and Muslims

47. Long Term Effect #5:

48. Long Term Effect #5:
Growth of towns and cities along crusader routes; weakening of feudal system

49. 6. And weakened nobles, and strengthened kings