1. Skeletal System

2. Functions of the skeletal system
Framework
Support/protect internal organs
Body movement
Provides leverage for lifting and movement through the attachment of muscles

3. Functions of the skeletal system
Produce blood cells
Red blood cells and some white blood cells
Stores the majority of the body’s calcium supply

4. Bone Composition & Growth
Osteoblasts:
Cells in bone tissue produce new cells
Osteoclasts:
Cells that break bone cells down
Resorption

5. Accessory Structures Cartilage: Ligaments Tendons
Fibrous connective tissue
On end surfaces to prevent friction
Ligaments
Sheet of fibrous tissue
Attaches bone to bone
Tendons
Attaches muscle to bone

6. Bone Tissue Compact bone Cancellous Hard dense part of bone
Loosely packed or spongy

7. Axial skeleton
Consists of
Skull
Spinal column
Ribs
sternum

8. Appendicular skeleton
Upper extremities
Shoulder
Arms
Forearms
Wrists
Hands

9. Appendicular skeleton
Lower extremities
Hips
Thighs
Legs
Ankles
feet
Pelvis

10. Four groups of bone Long Short Length is greater than the width Femur
Blocky bones
Similar length/width
Wrist (carpal) and ankle (tarsal ) bones

11. Four groups of bone Flat Irregular
Composed of two layers with spongy bone between them
scapula and skull
Irregular
Bones of complex shape and structure
Facial and vertebrae bones

12. Bones of the Skull Cranium: encloses the brain (skull) Frontal
forehead
Parietal
Roof and upper sides of cranium
Occipital
Posterior floor and walls of cranium
Temporal
Sides and base
of cranium

13. Bones of the Skull Mandible Maxilla Lower jaw bone Only moveable bone
Upper jaw bone

14. Thorax Rib cage True ribs False ribs Floating ribs Ribs Sternum
Thoracic vertebra
True ribs
Attached to sternum
False ribs
Attached to ribs above
Floating ribs
Attached to vertebrae only

15. Spinal Column Vertebral column 26 vertebrae Types of vertebrae
Cervical-7
Neck
Thoracic-12
Chest
Lumbar-5
Lower back
Largest and strongest

16. Spinal Column Sacrum Coccyx Triangular shaped Base of spine Tail bone
End of spine

17. Structures of the
Long Bone

18. Structures of bones Long Bone
Diaphysis
Long shaft of bone
Epiphysis
Ends of long bone
Medullary canal
Cavity w/in diaphysis
Contains either yellow or red marrow

19. Structures of bones Tissues of a bone Periosteum Endosteum
Outer covering of bone
Layer promote bone growth (ossification) nutrition, and repair
Endosteum
Lines medullary canal

20. Structures of bones Bone marrow Red bone marrow Yellow bone marrow
Manufactures RBCs & WBCs
Ribs, sternum, vertebrae, scapula, ends of long bones
Yellow bone marrow
Functions as fat storage

21. Blood cells Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes Carry O2 and CO2
Fight infection
Thrombocytes
clotting