1. Zaatari refugee camp- Mafraq-Jordan
Waste management in
Zaatari refugee camp- Mafraq-Jordan
Mohammad Aljaradin

2. Landfill most effected Problems Solutions Implementation
Outline
Background
Overview of the camp
Landfill most effected
Problems
Solutions
Implementation
Environment and municipal costs
Initiative in the ground
The impact is commensurate on the demand for public services (education, solid waste management, health, water, electricity, sanitation) that are strained to the limit, as well as local market dynamics, including the job and housing markets.

3. Background : Solid waste Situation- Jordan
Large increase in population & Economical development
Limited trained people &
Shortage of equipment
Limited financial resources
Absence of solid waste law
Refugees increased solid waste
volume by 340 tons daily
Poor waste management !

4. Background : Solid waste data & costs
Solid waste generation
Low cost recovery
High recycling potential
Source: CR 2012
Source :CR 2012

5. Background : Current waste management system
Formal
Mixed waste
Collection
Transport station
Dump sites
Informal
Recycle
Municipalities and Common Services Councils are in charge of the solid waste management chain in Jordan, from collection to disposal. However, municipal solid waste departments are overstretched in terms of staffing, vehicles and waste bins. As a result, informal dumping is frequent in residential areas, as well as the practice of burning waste. The situation is exacerbated by the low number of waste transfer stations and of disposal sites. Informal door-to-door collectors of scrap materials are common in residential areas, but the value chain of recyclables is not easy to establish. Only two sanitary landfills are in place in the country, and the boundary between standard and substandard waste disposal sites seems somewhat unclear. The condition of both standard and substandard waste disposal sites requires further investigation. 42 However, the provision of waste collection vehicles, waste bins and staffing to target municipalities would be a suitable response to the most immediate needs in terms of waste storage, waste collection and cleanliness of communal areas.
Resource

6. Background : Method of Disposal
20 landfill
2 of 20 have leachate and gas system
Disposal of medical and industrial waste into MSW dumps
Disposal of wastewater into dumps
Source : Sweep 2009
Gases
leachate

7. Jordan population was increasing

8. Municipalities most effected North Jordan : Mafraq Irbid Middle :
Zraqa
Amman
Mafraq 550,000 /2016
Population before the refugee 300,000
Area 26,5km2

9. Zaatari Refuge camp
Area 5Km2
Population
Location: North Jordan
10 KM east of Mafraq

10. Overview Around 100.000 people living in the camp , 12 districts
pass through the camp
9 schools , 27 community center , 2 hospitals
2100 m3 of sludge is collected by tanks /day
750 m3 of solid waste is collected /day
Waste generation 60 ton /day
Collection handled by CSC and Mafraq municipality
2 times week, Street collection
by UNHCR 2016

11. Al Huseyniyat landfill in Mafraq
Area: 18 ha • Receives in average 300 tons of waste /day • a semi dry climatic range of 30C
C l

12. Ground water – Near landfill
Fluoride and chloride
Conductivity
E. coli
Total coliform

13. The municipality of Mafraq
Seven compressors , two rollers , 115 staff and wheelbarrows for solid waste management.
2. With additional volume of almost 60 tons per day -the total volume to be collected of 150 tons exceeds current collection capacity.
3. Garbage collected on a daily basis (twice daily inside the city of Mafraq) according to fixed routes and schedule. Containers for rubbish are old and have not been well maintained and need to be sited properly.
5. Municipality spends  18% of its budget on waste management excluding salary costs; resources are not sufficient to cover the costs necessary to extend services to all residents, and at the same time provide regular services.

14. Waste Management are under greatest level of stress in the time being
Problem’s
Waste Management are under greatest level of stress in the time being
Camp level
1. Rapid increase in population (20-40% still live in tents )  which is gradually evolving into a permanent settlement
2. Almost half of refugee households dispose of municipal waste using informal non-municipal methods ; there are illegal collection points and waste dumps.
3. Collection converge is not fully and interrupted in winter with poor infrastructure
City and Municipal level
1. Municipalities and common services councils are overstretched in terms of staffing, vehicles and waste bins, and the provision of waste collection vehicles

15. Problem’s
2. The ongoing costs associated with waste management are a large burden for northern municipalities , and often is a priority for them in terms of external support, funding already fell short of need.
20% increase in population
3.The frequent and over-usage of the solid waste asset and equipment demand a higher maintenance due to the repeated breakdown and increased depreciation, whilst a shortage in the service provided for the garbage collection resulted from insufficient municipality equipment (compressors, garbage tractors, waste containers etc.)
4. With the municipality services unable to cope with the increased waste, there is a consequent increase in illegal dumping, inappropriate disposal and burning of waste, which contributes to water, soil and air pollution.
Recycling of products and selling them to international markets can be profitable , if properly managed. Besides immediate service delivery and income-generating opportunities, the waste management projects can also support social cohesion amongst the host and refugee communities (e.g. among workers involved but also through community-led planning and prioritization of neighborhood sanitation activities and revitalization), support conflict resolution and remove accumulated waste that is hampering development efforts.
5. The informal waste pickers also constitute an important segment within the waste cycle chain.

16. Problem’s
Camp is expanding and converting to permeant settlement

17. Arrivals 300 people per day and can reach up to 1,000 refugees
UNICEF

21. 60 ton mixed waste
3 trucks
12 people working

22. 1 M3 Waste continer
Road during winter

23. Solutions Camp level priorities Collection
Awareness
supporting existing institutions
Key of success its not temporary camp!
Municipal level priorities
Increase support for municipalities
Collection
Building capacities
Treatment options
Landfilling
Key of success sustainable solution!

24. Implementation Long term 1. Allocate new landfills
Consideration for suggested sites
1. Residence area distance
2. Access roads
3. Geological formation (topography, groundwater availability , faults, depth)
4. Water wells
5. Agriculture land
6. Valley and runoff

25. Implementation Long term 2. Waste to energy facility e.g. Incineration
3. Raise the people awareness and behaviour e.g. burning!,
throwing waste (not my business)
4. Landfills and methane for energy high organic waste
5. Strengthen municipality and local administration capacities

26. Implementation 12 districts Immediate -Short term
Prepare roads for collection improvement
collection and sorting point in each districts
3. Provide new collection trucks
4. Provide special containers for plastics and recyclable
6. Raising awareness through campaigns and schools
7. Minimize waste to landfill through recycling
8.Create linkages with private sector buyers of separated waste.

27. Suggested collection and sorting point in each districts

28. Environment and municipal costs
Minimize environmental cost
2016
2017
2018
Total
$ US
Ref
ecosystem and communities
2,900,000
8,150,000
2,300,000
13,350,000
JRP
Waste
550,000
5,400,000
1,050,000
7,000,000
Land and water
1,650,000
1,800,000
300,000
3,750,000
Air pollution
600,000
1,500,000
Cost for municipal governments originating from the Syrian refugee
35,000,000
42,000,000
49,000,000
126,000,000
USAID
JRP: Jordan reflection plan 2015
Assistance needs are thus considerable and wide-ranging, and international support has reportedly
remained insufficient. The estimated additional cost needed to continue hosting 600 thousand Syrian refugees is expected to reach US$1.68 billion, excluding the additional costs for the camps. UN

29. Initiative in the ground
Arranging teams for recycling and for spreading knowledge
Work
Districts
Duration
Cost
Donor
Arranging teams for recycling and for spreading knowledge
3,4,5,6,7,8
20 months
1,800,000
GIZ
1,2,9,10,11,12
1,200,000
DFAT
GIZ: German Corporation for International Cooperation
DFAT: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Australia

30. Initiative in the ground
GIZ and DFAT

35. Water Resources Engineering
Thanks you
Water Resources Engineering
Lund University