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Royal family.

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Presentation on theme: "Royal family."— Presentation transcript:

1 Royal family

2 King Egbert *771/775 King of Wessex from 802 until his death 839
When he became king, Wessex was dependent on the kingdom of Mercia In 825 Egbert defeated the King of Mercia at Ellendun => end of the Mercian domination of southern England

3 conquered the neighboring kingdoms of Kent, Cornwall
In 830 he was the sovereign of East Anglia, Sussex, Surrey, and Northumbria and was given the title "ruler of the British" he dominated the area of England today => first King of England During the following years: expeditions against the Vikings

4 Henry VIII. *28th June 1491 at Greenwich Palace †28th January 1547
Death of brother Arthur in 1502 → Henry became heir to the English throne 1509: Henry VIII becomes the king of England 1515: Thomas Wolsey → Lord Chancellor

5 Military might 1511: Begin of early military campaigns
→ joined Pope Julius II's Holy League against France → War was unsuccessful Henry VIII known as „Father of the royal Navy“ → Navy of around 50 ships Build the first naval dock in Britian at Portsmouth 1546: Established the Navy Board

6 Military might 1511: Begin of early military campaigns
→ joined Pope Julius II's Holy League against France → War was unsuccessful Henry VIII known as „Father of the royal Navy“ → Navy of around 50 ships Build the first naval dock in Britian at Portsmouth 1546: Established the Navy Board

7 Anne Boleyn Birth of Elizabeth I
→ After that two more pregnancies ended in miscarriages → 1536: Anne was arrested and publicly beheaded 1537: Marriage with Jane Seymour → Birth of Edward VI → was succeeded in 1547

8 Final Years 1540: Marriage with Catherine Howard → was short-lived
Final marriage with Catherine Parr → More harmonious Death on 28th January 1547

9 Mary I. Tudor

10 *15 February 1516 in Greenwich
Also Mary, the Catholic or the Bloody Mary from 1553 to 1558 Queen of England and Ireland daughter of King Henry VIII and his first wife Catherine of Aragon But Henry voided the marriage and excluded his daughter from the succession She refused her exclusion and her father as the head of the church => fell into disgrace escaped a conviction as a traitor only by her final submission

11 1544 Henry included her to the succession again
1553, Maria enforced herself against her protestant cousin and rival Jane Grey and became the first queen of England crowned in its own right for the first time in English history a woman had the full rights of a sovereign Her time of reign: great religious tensions => she wanted to re-establish the Catholicism as state religion Hundreds of Protestants were executed Elizabeth I. reversed her religion sanctions

12 Queen Elizabeth I. *7th September 1533 at Greenwich Palace
†24th March 1603 Was named after her grandmothers → Elizabeth of York & Elizabeth Howard Queen of England and Ireland →from 17th November 1558 until her death Sometimes called: The Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess The fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn

13 Early life Elizabeth was deprived of her place in the royal succession
→ after execution of Anne Boleyn → 1544: was disposed in the royal succession again Death of Henry VIII in 1547 → Elizabeth lived at the court of Cathrine Parr Death of Cathrine Parr in 1548 → her old husband Thomas Seymour wanted to marry Elizabeth

14 Elizabeth on the throne
17th November 1558 → Elizabeth came to the throne after the death of Mary I and Edward VI Church of Egland: was founded by Henry VIII → was the established church of England One of her big successes: development of England into a naval power Headstone of the British Empire Organisation of slave trade between Africa and West-India Foundation of the first incorporated corporations

15 17th century: Begin of the colonization
Advancement of culture → Elizabeth had her own orchestra and troupe Enemies: Her biggest rival was Mary Stuart 1603: Death of Elizabeth

16 Queen Victoria

17 she inherited the throne at the age of 18
*24 May 1819, Kensington Palace London she inherited the throne at the age of 18 Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death 22 January 1901 1 May 1876: additional title of Empress of India second longest time of reign than any other British monarch and the second longest of any female monarch in history (longest: Queen Elizabeth II.)

18 1840: married her cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
nine children Grand-mother of Europe he became her strongest ally, helping her navigate difficult political waters But in 1861, Victoria's beloved prince died => Victoria was devastated and went into a seclusion encapsulated herself and stopped her function as a representative of Great Britain became unpopular Her nomination as the Empress of India (1876) was a trigger for her return to public life She became the „mother of the country“ and was a symbole for the British Empire and its achievement

19 Her time of reign is called the Victorian Era
expansion in industry and economy because of industrial revolution Railways, bridges, London Underground, power distribution networks advances in science (Charles Darwin's theory of evolution) and technology (the telegraph and popular press) huge number of inventions (morse code, photography, high-wheel bicycle, telegraph, dynamite, underground, electric light...) increased literacy, culture was positively influenced (important writers: Oscar Wilde, Charles Dickens, Lewis Carroll...) Her ethics and personality have become synonymous with the era

20 Britain expanded its imperial reach, doubling in size and encompassing Canada, Australia, India and various possessions in Africa and the South Pacific more than a quarter of the world's population Supremacy at sea => control over colonies and dominant position in world trade “The sun never sets on the British Empire.” The Great Exhibition of 1851, the very first World's Fair, was a celebration of the diversity and richness of the Empire

21 Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations
international exhibition that took place in Hyde Park, London, from 1 May to 11 October 1851 visited by numerous notable figures of the time (Darwin, Dickens...) 28 countries Goods and handicraft products of all kinds, machines and production methods as well as natural resources and visual arts were shown

22 Queen Elizabeth II. *21th April 1926
Full name: Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Daughter of Elizabeth Bowes – Lyon & George VI Queen of UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand Head of the Commonwealth Queen of 12 independent countries

23 Marriage and family Husband: Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark
→ married on 20th November 1947 in Westminster Abbey 4 children: Prince Charles, Prince Andrew & Prince Edward and Princess Anne Family life as an essential support throughout her reign

24 Commonwealth Voluntary association of 53 independent countries
→ all countries were formaly under British rule Many members were territories → historically under British rule India was the first country in the Commonwealth

25 Political Power Big influence on the political system of England
→ meetings with the head of government → receiving of senior official → appointing members of the cabinet The Queen can dismiss the prime minister or can appoint bishops and judges Main task → representation

26 References http://www.royal.gov.uk/hmthequeen/hmthequeen.as px
wissen.de/geschichte/adel/das_britische_koenigshaus/ pwiediequeenunddiepolitik100.html d wissen.de/geschichte/adel/das_britische_koenigshaus/ pwieelizabethiunddasgoldenezeitalter100.html

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