1. An Introduction to Protein Synthesis
Mr. Smuts

2. By the end of class today, I will be able to describe how the cell uses DNA and RNA through transcription and translation to assemble proteins.

3. The year was 1989… Me
This teacher asked me to write a research paper on DNA.

4. Getting the information

5. Writing the report at home on my new computer

6. How can I get the information home to write my report?

7. Writing the report at home on my new computer

8. Steps to the process: I needed to write a report.
The necessary information for the report is in the library.
The librarian won’t let the encyclopedia out of the library!
A xerox machine makes a copy of the information.
The copy of the information goes home to the computer.
The information is used to write the report on the computer at home.

9. Protein Synthesis Proteins Amino Acids
Protein Synthesis is the process by which cells use the code stored in their nucleus as the directions to build proteins at the ribosome by connecting amino acids in certain sequences.
Proteins
Amino Acids

10. Steps to the process: The cell needs to make a protein
The necessary information(DNA) for the protein is in the nucleus.
The nuclear membrane won’t let the information(DNA) out of the nucleus!
RNA Polymerase makes a copy(mRNA) of the DNA.
The copy(mRNA) of the DNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the (ribosome).
The mRNA is used to make the protein at the ribosome in the cytoplasm.

11. 2 steps of protein synthesis (gene expression)
Transcription – DNA is read to make a mRNA in the nucleus of our cells
Translation – Reading the mRNA to make a protein in the cytoplasm

12. Check out the Animation!

13. In your notes… Describe the process of Transcription.
Be sure to include the following:
Where it takes place
What molecules are involved
Why the process happens

14. Overview of transcription and translation
Bio

15. Check out the Animation!

16. In your notes… Describe the process of Translation.
Be sure to include the following:
Where it takes place
What molecules are involved
Why the process happens

17. The genetic code Made of 4 bases
Bases act as a code for amino acids in translation
Every 3 bases on the mRNA is called a codon that codes for a particular amino acid in translation