1. Review: Phonology & Morpho-phonemics continued
(Materials adapted from ANT 522 Intro. to Phonology by Lee Bickmore, UAlbany)

2. Main Topics Phonology & Morphological Analysis Allophonic analysis
Morpho-phonemic analysis
Multiple rules & simplifying multiple rules, both in allophones & allomorphs.
Introduction to rule ordering.

3. Allophones Exercise Focus on the sounds: [t,s,z] and [č, š, ž]
Which ones are phonemes and which ones are allophones?
What are the phonological rule(s)?

4. Morpho-phonemic analysis
Solving phonological problems that has a morphological component:
Choose and write down the UR of roots and affixes.
Remember, choosing URs can be crucial for your analysis. Sometimes, choosing URs is based on phonological analysis.
Write down phonological rules that explain the connection between the URs and the surface forms that appear in the dataset.
You may end up with more than one rule. Try to simplify rules as much as possible. Pay attention to similarities in distinctive features to do this.

5. Morpho-phonemic analysis
Logic of UR, Phonological rules & surface form (words in the dataset).
UR + Phonological rules = Surface Form

6. Exercise: Morpho-phonemic Analysis
Turkish
What are the morphemes for: (a) Genitive sg. & (b) Nom. plural
What are the phonological rules that explain the alternation?

7. Exercise: Morpho-phonemic Analysis
Negative
Gloss
pɔsibəl
bɛləns
kəmplit
tɔlərənt
dərɛkt
vɪzəbəl
æktɪv
ɔpərabəl
dʒastis
impɔsibəl
imbɛləns
iŋkəmplit
intɔlərənt
indərɛkt
invɪzəbəl
inæktɪv
inɔpərabəl
iɲdʒastis
‘possible’
‘balance’
‘complete’
‘tolerant’
‘direct’
‘visible’
‘active’
‘operable’
‘justice’
What is the negative morpheme?
What is the phonological rule(s) that explains all the allomorphs?

8. Exercise: Lamba (pg )
Past
Passive
Neuter
Gloss 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10.
11.
12.
ʧita
tula
ʧeta
fisa
ʧesa
kosa
lasa
ʃika
seka
poka
kaka
fuka
ʧitwa
tulwa
ʧetwa
fiswa
ʧeswa
koswa
laswa
ʃikwa
sekwa
pokwa
kakwa
fukwa
ʧitika
tulika
ʧeteka
fiʃika
ʧeseka
koseka
laʃika
ʃiʧika
sekeka
pokeka
kaʧika
fuʧika
‘do’
‘dig’
‘spy’
‘hide’
‘cut’
‘be strong’
‘wound’
‘bury’
‘laugh at’
‘receive’
‘tie’
‘creep’
Already know rule for Neuter: i -> e / V[-hi, -lo] C0 ______
What is root for no. 4, 7, 11?
What are the rules for alternation of root in no. 4, 7,8,11,12?
Which rule should apply first?

9. Morpho-phonemic analysis
There can be multiple rules operating:
Rules that explain alternation in the root.
Rules that explain alternation in the affix.
These rules can interact with each other.
As a result, rules can have certain ordering. Some rules apply first, followed by another rule.
Next week, we will look into datasets with more complex rule ordering.