1. Causes, Practices, and effects of War

2. What is War?
“ War therefore is an act of violence intended to compel our opponents to fulfill our will.” 
On War - Carl Von Clausewitz – 1780 to 1831
“Warfare is the greatest affair of state, the basis of life and death, the way (Tao) to survival or extinction. It must be thoroughly pondered and analyzed.”
-The Art of War Sun-Tzu – 5th century.

3. Why do we fight? The political objective
“War is a mere continuation of policy by other means.” -– Von Clausewitz
Economic motive – We want what our neighbors have –
Class warfare - Marxist point of view
Includes wars of liberation
Honor, fear and interest – Thucydides
Kagan explains
Human nature - Aristotle

4. Why should we study war?
Prevention – idealistic- human nature can be changed
So we can win – realistic- we will always fight so lets make sure we come out on top
We can minimize the inevitable by reducing the likelihood of war and its impact neo-realist or soft realist.

5. Types of War I. Total War Examples Characteristics
World War I 1914 to 1918
World War II 1939 to 1945
Characteristics
Entire population mobilized for war effort
Complete defeat of enemy- unconditional surrender

6. Civil War Characteristics Examples
1.      Fought between forces of one nation
2.      Two sides fighting for power
3.      Sometimes involves separatists- independence movement
4.      Foreign support for one side or both is common
Examples
1.      Spanish Civil War 1935 – 1938
2.      Chinese Civil War 1946 – 1949
3.      Mexican Revolution

7. Limited War Characteristics Examples 1. Post WWII – Nuclear threat
2.      Limited objectives – avoid escalation
3.      Use of Proxy forces – no national mobilization
Examples
     Korean War 1950 to 1953
Vietnam War 1964 to 1973

8. I. Guerrilla Warfare A. Characteristics B. Examples
1.      Strong vs. Weak/Oppressor vs. Oppressed/Regular vs. irregular
2.      Associated with independence movements and civil wars
3.      Can be used in all sorts other wars.
4.      Depends on indigenous population for concealment
B.     Examples
1.      Vietnam war 1960 to 1968
2.      Cuban Revolution 1956 to 1959
3.      Partisans in Europe during WWII

9. Terrain
Open Plains – Favors Mechanized Infantry, Armor, Airpower - Hard to defend, poor for guerilla Warfare
Desert – Same as open Plains but logistics critical
Mountain – Favors Infantry, Airpower, - Easy to defend – poor for Mechanized, and Armor
Forest/Jungle – Favors Infantry, Guerilla tactics –- Poor for Mechanization and Armor
Urban – Favors Infantry , guerrilla tactics–– Poor for Armor

10. Key Technological innovations during War in the 20th century.
Tank – British – WWI – ended Trench Warfare
Airplane – WWI - Many different reasons Added 3rd dimension
Jet Engine – Germans - WWII – Changed Airpower
Radar – British- WWII - Early detection, helped win Battle of Britain

11. Aircraft Carrier – US/Japan - WWII – Changed Naval Combat
Ballistic Missile – Germans - WWII – Unstoppable and long range
Nuclear Bomb – US –WWII - Most Bang for the Buck
Helicopter – US –Korean War - Resurrected Cavalry, Saved a lot of lives.

12. Military Terms Military organization led by
Army depends on need Gen.
Corp many divisions Gen.
Division to 3 Brig./Batts Gen.
Brigade batts. + 1 comp Col
Battalion to 5 companies Maj.
Company platoons Capt
Platoon squads Lt.
Squad men – Sgt(NCO)

13. Military Ranks Army Officers Enlisted Navy Officers Admiral Captain
General
Colonel
Major
Captain
Lieutenant
Enlisted
Sergent (NCO)
Corporal
Private
Navy
Officers
Admiral
Captain
Commodore
Commander
Lieutenant
Ensign
Enlisted
Petty Officer(NCO)
Seaman/sailor

14. Flanking – attacking from the side or rear
Strategy
The big picture…. overall plan for a war or battle
Tactics
The methods used to implement the strategy
Smaller scale
Flanking – attacking from the side or rear
Logistics – getting people and supplies to the battle or war.
Reconnaissance – scouting and spying, finding out where the enemy is

15. Infantry – foot soldiers
Armor – Tanks, Armored Personal Carriers(APC)
Artillery – big cannons or rockets, shot from a long distance usually
Ballistic Missile – guided and self powered projectile – usually rocket powered
Capitol ships – biggest vessels in navy used to project power