1. Buffy Ryan, RN
Marion County ATC

2. Chain of Survival In order for a person to survive Immediate
recognition
of cardiac
arrest and
activation of the
emergency
response system
Early
CPR
with an
emphasis on
chest
compressions
Rapid
defibrillation
with an
AED
Effective advanced
life
support

3. Basic First Aid What Is First Aid?
The immediate care given to an injured or suddenly ill person.
DOES NOT take the place of proper medical treatment.
Legal Considerations
Implied Consent involves an unresponsive victim in a life-threatening condition.
It is assumed or “implied” that an unresponsive victim would consent to lifesaving help.
Only perform First Aid assistance for which you have been trained.

4. Scene Survey
When confronted with an accident or illness on duty it is important to assess the situation to determine what kind of emergency situation you are dealing with, for your safety, the victim’s safety and that of others.
Do a quick survey of the scene that includes looking for three elements:
Hazards that could be dangerous to you, the victim, or bystanders.
The cause (mechanism) of the injury or illness.
The number of victims.
Note: This survey should only take a few seconds.
Speaker’s Notes:
Tell the EMS personnel about your findings, so that they can fully recognize the extent of the problem.

5. Initial Assessment Goal of the initial assessment:
Visually determine whether there are life-threatening or other serious problems that require quick care.
Breathing
Bleeding
Shock
Burn
Choking
Heart Attack
Fractures

6. Victim Assessment Sequence
Assessment Sequence Components:
If victim is responsive
Ask them what injuries or difficulties they are experiencing.
Check and provide first aid for these complaints as well as others that may be involved.
If victim is not responsive (Unconscious or incoherent).
Observe for obvious signs of injury or illness:
Check from head to toe
Provide first aid/CPR for injuries or illness observed.

7. Breathing Emergencies

16. What is a FBAO? An obstruction in the airway. Mild Airway Obstruction
Good air exchange
Can cough forcefully
May wheeze between coughs
Severe Airway Obstruction
Clutching the throat with the thumb and fingers, making the universal choking sign
Unable to speak or cry
Weak, ineffective cough or no cough
High-pitched noise while inhaling or no noise at all
Increased respiratory difficulty
Possible cyanosis (turning blue)

17. Choking Choking relief in a Responsive Adult or Child
Stand or kneel behind the victim and wrap your arms around the victim’s waist
Make a fist with one hand
Place the thumb side of your fist against the victim’s abdomen, in the midline, slightly above the navel and well below the breastbone
Grasp your fist with your other hand and press your fist into the victim’s abdomen with a quick, forceful upward thrust
Repeat thrusts until the object is expelled form the airway or the victim becomes unresponsive
Give each new thrust with a separate, distinct movement to relive the obstruction
Choking

18. Choking Choking relief in an Unresponsive Adult or Child
Shout for help. If someone else is available, send that person to activate the emergency response system.
Gently lower the victim to the ground if you see that he is becoming unresponsive
Begin CPR, starting with chest compressions. Do not check for a pulse
Each time you open the airway to give breaths, open the victim’s mouth wide. Look for the object. If you see an object that can be easily removed, remove it with your fingers. If you do not see an object continue CPR.
After about 5 cycles or 2 minutes of CPR, activate the emergency response system if someone has not already done so.
Choking