1. Understanding our Environment
Chapter 1

2. What is environmental science?
The study of how humans interact with the environment.
Environment is everything that surrounds us including natural and man made things

3. What is environmental science?
A major focus of environmental science is solving environmental problems.
Can you think of at least three environmental problems that concern you?

4. What is environmental science?
Some problems are local.
Example: pollution of Lake Erie or the Gulf of Mexico
Some problems are global.
Example: ozone depletion or global warming or garbage

5. Environmental Problems
Almost all problems fall into one of three categories.
1. Resource Depletion
2. Pollution
3. Extinction

6. Resource Depletion
A natural resource is any natural substance that living things use.
Examples: sunlight, air, water, soil, minerals, plants, animals, forests, fossil fuels

7. Resources – Renewable/Nonrenewable

8. Resources – Renewable/Nonrenewable

9. Resource Depletion
Examples: sunlight, air, water, soil, minerals, plants, animals, forests, fossil fuels
Some resources are renewable and some are nonrenewable. Look above and categorize the examples.

10. Resource Depletion
Over fishing of ocean fish – our food source

11. Resource Depletion
Destruction of the Rain Forest

12. Resource Depletion
Polar Sea Ice Loss

13. Resource Depletion
Population Explosion from the first days of man on earth until the early 1800’s – to reach a global population of 1 billion. In just 200 years, we’ve managed to reach 6.5 billion.

14. Pollution
CO2 Levels in the Atmosphere. Carbon dioxide levels are building up in the atmosphere – the main force behind global warming.

15. Pollution The Ocean Dead Zones
In oceans around the world, there are eerie areas that are devoid of nearly all life. These ‘dead zones’ are characterized by a lack of oxygen, and they’re caused by excess nitrogen from farm fertilizers, emissions from vehicles and factories, and sewage.

16. Extinction
Mammal Extinction– mostly due to our own disregard for our surroundings – so much of the awe-inspiring diversity of nature, mass extinctions like this would cause a serious imbalance in the world’s food chain.

17. A Global Perspective
The biosphere is the thin layer of life around the Earth.
It is only about 8km above the surface of Earth and 8km below the surface of Earth.

18. Environment Through Time
Society started out as hunter-gatherers, then we moved to the agricultural revolution, then to the industrial revolution.
Hunter-gatherers migrated from place to place to follow food supply, set fires to burn the prairies to prevent tree growth, and overhunted animals to extinction.

19. Environment Through Time
Agricultural revolution involved gathering seeds to plant and domesticating some of the animals.
More people can be supported by farming methods, but now the land is being converted to farmland. Habitats like grasslands, forests, and wetlands are being turned into farmland.

20. Environment Through Time
The industrial revolution started in the 1700s where we shifted from animal power to using fossil fuels like coal and oil.
Better technology and inventions to save time and money were making positive changes.

21. Environment Through Time- Homework
Research using your book and one website about the three types of societies over earth’s history: Hunter-gather, Agricultural Revolution, and Industrial Revolution
Write characteristics about each type. Then write a paragraph about how each society type used/changed the environment.

22. Use of Resources How do we as humans share common resources?
From fishing the oceans to using the water at Portage Lakes State Park, how do we make sure these common resources are not ruined?

23. Use of Resources Tragedy of the Commons:
When no one owns the resource, no one takes responsibility for it. Then resource is overused and becomes depleted.
tragedy of the commons part 1
tragedy of the commons

24. Use of Resources
A group or individual needs to take responsibility for it. We have park rangers paid by the government, volunteers to watch for violations, and we have laws to prevent depletion.

25. Use of Resources
Economics helps to influence society on how to use a resource too.
If a resource is limited, then price goes up and humans tend to use less of it. (Supply and demand)
Cost benefit analysis helps to weigh pros and cons to spending money on an issue.

26. A Global Perspective
In the world, there are two types of categories countries can be placed.
Developed – high average incomes
highly industrialized
Examples: United States, Canada, Japan, Australia

27. A Global Perspective
The second category countries can be placed into is developing countries.
Developing – less industrialized
less average income
Examples: India, Kenya

28. A Global Perspective
Many environmental problems are linked to increasing human populations and increasing demand on natural resources.
Example: more vehicles on road using more oil
Can you come up with an example?

29. Population Crisis
Increasing human population too quickly for the area to support
Where do you think this is happening?
Developing or Developed countries countries

30. Consumption Crisis
When people use up or waste natural resources faster than they can be replaced.
Where do you think that is happening?
Developing or Developed countries countries

31. Consumption Crisis
Developed nations use close to 75% of the resources used every year but only make up about 20% of the world’s population.
What is your view on this statistic?

32. Consumption Crisis
What are three things you do on a normal day to contribute to the consumption crisis?

33. Ecological Footprint
This is a calculation of the amount of land and resources needed to support one person’s lifestyle from a particular country.
ecological footprint

34. HOMEWORK Go to: http://calc.zerofootprint.net/youth/
Answer questions and find how many earths you would need for your lifestyle.
AND
Pick three ways you could reduce your CO2 output. Write how you plan to do the reductions in the next two weeks.

35. Global Goal Our goal as humans is to achieve a sustainable world.
- High standards of living for all
- Habitats would be preserved
- Garbage would be turned into something useful
- Stop wasting natural resources

36. Sustainable World
How can you contribute to a sustainable world in your own life? Give at least three specific examples.

37. 1.2 Types of Sciences There are two basic types of sciences.
Pure Science Applied Science
Answers how - Uses pure
the natural world science information
works to solve problems

38. Types of Sciences
Look at the sciences below and decide if they are pure or applied.
Biology Environmental
Engineering Medicine
Chemistry Physics
Zoology Astronomy

39. The Scientific Method

40. What is it?
It is a process that is used to find answers to questions about the world around us.

41. Is there only one?
No, there are several versions. Some versions have more steps, while others may have only a few.
They all begin with the identification of a problem or a question to be answered based on observations of the world around us and provide an organized method for conducting and analyzing an experiment.

42. What is a hypothesis?
It is an educated guess based on observations and your knowledge of the topic.

43. What is data?
It is information gathered during an experiment.

44. Identify the Problem What do you want to know or explain?
Use observations you have made to write a question about the problem.

45. Form a Hypothesis What do you think will happen?
Predict the answer to your question.

46. Create an Experiment How will you test your hypothesis?
Design an experiment to test it.

47. Perform an Experiment
Follow the steps in your procedure to perform your experiment.
Record data and make observations.

48. Analyze the Data
Is the data reliable? Does the data support your hypothesis?
If the data does NOT support your hypothesis, then Modify the Experiment. Rewrite the experiment to address flaws.
Retest.

49. Communicate the Results
When data supports your hypothesis, write a conclusion that summarizes the important parts of your experiment and the results.
This step is needed to complete the scientific method.

50. Making Environmental Decisions
When suggesting environmental solutions to a problem, voters must weigh the pros and cons of the issue.
How will the solution affect people’s lives?
How much will the solution cost? How much will it cost if we do nothing?

51. Making Environmental Decisions
Using the environmental decision making model is a way to help you, the voter, decide on the issue.
1st step – Gather information using newspapers, books, television reports, and well informed speakers.

52. Making Environmental Decisions
2nd step is to consider the values that apply to the issue (pg. 45)
Some examples are:
Aesthetics – What is beautiful or pleasing
Economics – Gain or loss of money or jobs
Ethical – What is right or wrong

53. Making Environmental Decisions
3rd step Explore Consequences based on the values chosen.
4th step Make a Decision

54. Making Environmental Decisions
Open your books to page 45. Look at all the values listed.
Our environmental problem is endangered species.

55. Species to choose from Apache Trout Arizona Cliff Rose
California Condor
Blunt-Nosed Leopard Lizard

56. Species to choose from Giant Carrion Beetle Giant Panda Hawaiian Crow
Oahu Tree Snail

57. Species to choose from Pitcher’s Thistle Red-Footed Tortoise
Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse
Schaus Swallowtail Butterfly

58. Species to choose from
Texas Blind Salamander
Wyoming Toad