1. (1) What caused the German people to trust and support Hitler?
Video: “THE PATH TO NAZI GENOCIDE”
(15:00 – 37:25)
(1) What caused the German people to trust and support Hitler?   
(2) Summarize the progression of Nazi persecution and murder towards Jewish peoples after the invasion of the Soviet Union?

2. Questions to Consider:
(1) How did the Nazis encourage support for the Holocaust?
(2) To what extent were average German citizens aware of the Holocaust?
(3) How was this accomplished?

3. Einsatzgruppen

4. Questions to Consider:
* How does hatred occur?
* How did this happen in Germany?

5. Are There Psychological Reasons for Why This Happened?
Gordon Allport’s, a psychologist and sociologist
Developed a “Scale of Prejudice and Discrimination” or
“Allport’s Scale of Prejudice”
- From the book, The Nature of Prejudice

6. Scale (Progression) of Prejudice
1 – “Antilocution” – when a group believes negative images of people outside one’s own group (begins with predilection, forming preferences) 2 – Avoidance – avoiding the minority group; no direct harm in initiated, but psychological harm may result from exclusion 3 – Discrimination – Calculated harm, denying opportunities (examples, Jim Crow laws or Apartheid in South Africa) 4 – Physical Attack – violent attack begins, could also include vandalism 5 – Extermination – genocide, complete elimination of other group
* Prejudice?
* Discrimination?
* Violence?
* Hatred?

7. What is Genocide?
The legal definition is …
“… the deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious, or national group.”
From:
Office of the High Commission for Human Rights. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Wikipedia.org

8. Eugenics False science of racial identity based on physical features
Eugenics False science of racial identity based on physical features. Jews were considered racially inferior to “Aryans.”

10. Why Did People Support Hitler?
** Hard to truly answer this question!!!
No simple answers.
Propaganda
- Scapegoat
Existing Anti-Semitism
- “Pogroms”
Economic Prosperity under Hitler
Fear of being a target yourself
Other Possible Explanations:
German peoples hatred of the Treaty of Versailles??
Lack of strong democratic tradition??

11. Unemployment Rates The German Recovery:
Large-scale borrowing for public expenditures
Railroads, canals, & the Autobahnen
Large-scale wage controls
** For both U.S. & Germany, industrial production dropped 50% from 1929 to 1933

12. (1) What caused the German people to trust and support Hitler?
Video: “THE PATH TO NAZI GENOCIDE”
(15:00 – 37:25)
(1) What caused the German people to trust and support Hitler?   
(2) Summarize the progression of Nazi persecution and murder towards Jewish peoples after the invasion of the Soviet Union?

13. Propaganda “You will think the way I tell you to think.”

14. Aryan supremacy was one goal
Aryan supremacy was one goal. Lebensraum “living room” or “living space” the other.

15. Nazi Germany & Adolf Hitler
Already discussed major events bringing him to power
Hitler’s Ideology
In Mein Kampf (1923), major points …
[1] – Uniting all German-speaking people
[2] – Racial purification and a master “Aryan” race
[3] – Germany needs “lebensraum” or living space for national expansion

16. Youth were indoctrinated to see Hitler as a loving protector.

17. 1930’s Children’s Book
What a greedy Jew looks like… [from “The Poison Mushroom” required reading in elementary schools under Nazi authority]

18. 1930’s Children’s Book
"Just as it is often hard to tell a toadstool from an edible mushroom, so too it is often very hard to recognize the Jew as a swindler and criminal..."

19. “How Jewish traders cheat us. ”
1930’s Children’s Book
“How Jewish traders cheat us. ”
From “The Poison Mushroom”
         
         
             
             
             
            

20. “The eternal Jew” always taking money [German propaganda poster, 1935]

21. What a proper German looks like…

22. Nazification replaces education in schools
Book burning
Fewer academics
Physical conditioning
"Hitler our last hope"; "Therefore come to us!"
Austrian political poster

23. Public burning of “un-German” books in Berlin, May 10, 1933
Public burning of “un-German” books in Berlin, May 10, SA officers and college students.
SA stands for Sturmabteilung, or Storm Troopers. Nazi academics had been eager to eliminate books that promote thinking outside Nazi belief, including religion, communism…Jewish authors, in particular.

24. Students engaged more in physical and military training exercises, less in academics.

25. By 1937, 95% of teachers belonged to the Nazi Teachers’ League
Peer pressure, fear, job security, just make things easier.

26. "The Jew is our greatest enemy!
Beware of the Jew!"

27. Slide comparing racially mixed man with healthy “Aryan” man
Linking the idea of racially identifiable Jews with Bolshevism, Communism, inferior physical and moral characteristics – a constant theme.

28. Propaganda posters on public display

29. Postcard showing Nazi soldier waving large swastika flag standing on a mountain ridge, overlooking a valley.

30. Huge rallies were staged and broadcast via radio
Hitler ordered all but the official Nazi radio transmission to be cancelled. There was no television, computer, cell phone or other electronic visual technology in the home. “We are yours” is depicted in the stadium.

31. ** “The Law for the protection of German blood and German honor”
Nuremberg Laws
** Describe the progression in discrimination …
1935 – Denied citizenship of German Jews
Civil Rights taken away!!!!
** “The Law for the protection of German blood and German honor”

32. Jewish Persecution
1936 – Banned from being teachers, farmers, civil workers, and journalists 1938 – Banned from practicing law & medicine

33. ** What happens during Kristallnacht?
- Nov. 9 – 10, 1938
- Deliberate violence towards Jewish people of Germany
- Murders
- Destruction of property
A synagogue burns in Siegen, Germany, on November 10, Kristallnacht.

34. Forced Labor Camps
Starting in 1938, private German citizens & the German government began exploiting Jewish citizens.
Forced Labor!!
More than 1 million Jewish men & women

35. ** Why did the U.S. and other countries not allow more Jewish immigrants?
St. Louis Affair, May 27, 1939

36. ** Why did the U.S. and other countries not allow more Jewish immigrants?
- Quotas
- Denied anybody “likely to be a public charge …”
- High unemployment rates
- Existing anti-Semitism
St. Louis Affair, May 27, 1939

37. 1939
German soldiers brutalizing a Jew in the street.

38. Russian-Soviet Nonaggression Pact
Molotov –Ribbentrop Pact
Aug. 23, 1939
U.S.S.R. & Germany avoid war
Hitler avoids two fronts
Gives Stalin time to mobilize
Russia & Germany divide Eastern Europe

39. Invasion of Poland
- September 1, 1939: called by Hitler the “1939 Defensive War” because “Germans in Poland are persecuted with a bloody terror … border violations … Poles no longer are willing to respect the German frontier.”
Sept. 17 – Soviet Union attacks.
Blitzkrieg …
Consequence: official declarations of war.

40. “Generalplan Ost” “Master Plan East”
(1) Based upon the policy of Lebensraum …
(2) Extermination of Jews and Slavic
peoples …
(3) And Hitler’s belief in “autarky,” a nation had to be complete self-sufficient …

41. Ghettos
- Beginning in 1939, Jewish quarters of cities where inhabitants were forced to live in close confines.
- Miserable conditions …
- Starting in 1943 the
Ghettos were destroyed.

42. Operation Barbarossa
** Operation Barbarossa is meant to accomplish what exactly?
Largest military operation, land invasion, and number of casualties in the history of warfare.
Consequence: Opens up the Eastern Front